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Demography 409
electronic computers, such comparison can be extended to entire populations.
23. The aeroplane also plays its part, but it seems unlikely to become a means of mass
transport.
24. Changes could of course be made in the manner of carrying out censuses, so that
they could also be used for observation purposes. But it is now clear that they wil
never be able to take the place of sample investigations.
25. Historical demography has made great strides within the last few years. We shall
return to this subject when dealing with research now in progress.
26. This institute ceased its activities, however, some years ago.
27. This is what Elizabeth Pfeil wrote in 1958 in a booklet published by Unesco: ‘At
the present moment, no interest is taken in demography in Germany.. . Yet between
1920 and 1930 very active research in this science had produced important results.
But, later on, national socialism made demography serve its own political party
ends, which interfered with progress’.
28. Of course this attempted standardization must not be carried too far. It was very
quickly realized that a complete standardization of ideas and definitions would be
illusory and, indeed, misleading, having regard to the varied economic, social,
cultural and political conditions in the various countries.
29. We only mention here the Specialized Agencies with a direct interest in population
questions.
30. This Committee was created in August, 1963 by the Economic and Social Council
following a report of the United Nations Conference on the Application of Science
and Technology for the Benefit of the Less Developed Areas (Geneva, February,
1963). It comprises 15 members.
31. In 1967, a European Working Group on Social Demography was set up by the
United Nations Office in Geneva, whose task is to bring about such coordination.
32. Speech delivered by Marcolino G. Candau, M.D., Director-General of WHO at the
forty-second conference of the Milbank Memorial Fund in New York, October,
1967.
33. Speech delivered by Alexander Robertson at the forty-second conference of the
Milbank Memorial Fund in New York, October, 1967.
34. Dates indicate year of publication.
35. Asiun Drama: An Inquiry into the Poverfy of Nations.
36. The Higher Education Research Group.
37. These figures are given merely as an example. They would obviously vary from one
country to another, though it is probable that the ratio mentioned here would
remain the same.
38. Population in History. Essays in Historical Demography.
REFERENCES (numbers refer to paragraphs in text)
Recherches et considirations sur la population de la France. 1778, Paris, Paul
Geuthner, 1912.
4. P. VINcENT,’La mortalit6 des vieillards’, Population (z), 1951, p. 181 ff.
14. J. SUTTER, L’eiiginique, Paris, P.u.F., 1966. (Coll. ‘Travaux et Documents’ de ~‘I.N.E.D.,
Cahier no. I I .)
G. MALECOT, Probabilitds et hire‘diri, Paris, P.u.F., 1966. (Coll. ‘Travaux et Documents’
de ~‘I.N.E.D., Cahier no. 47.)
CHING CHUN LI, Population Genetics, Chicago, The University of Chicago Press, 1955.
C. STERN, Principles of Human Genetics, San Francisco-London, W. H. Freeman, 1960.
0. KEMPTHORNE, An Introduction to Genetic Statistics, New York-London-Sydney,
John Wiley, 1957.
I 5. J. BOURGEOIS-PICHAT, Relations entre la mortalit6 foeto-infantile et la ficondite‘. Contribution
to the United Nations World Population Conference, held at Belgrade,
30 August to IO September 1965.
2. MOHEAU,