Main trends of research in the social and human ... - unesdoc - Unesco

754 Eric Trist
POLAND. Expenditure on scientific research (1965) (in million Zlotys)
A. Central Budget
Scientific research institutions
Secretariat of the Polish Academy of
Sciences
Expenditure for development of
‘technics and economic progress’
Research work of the chairs
Training of scientific staffs
Other expenditure on science
Total current expenditure
B. Technical and Economic Progress Fund
Total of (A) and (B)
1,393
I20
357
206
86
55
232 17
4,687
6,904
21. The ratio between total expenditure on scientific research in Poland and
GNP, according to the Planning Commission, amounted in 1964 to about I %.
For Hungary in 1963 overall research expenditure was 1.5% of annual net
national income.86 These figures may be roughly comparable with 2.9 % given for
the Czechoslovak State Budget for 1967 and are suggestive of the general
level of R & D expenditure in Eastern European countries in the mid sixties.
The USSR level may be higher.
22. For the Slovenian Republic of Yugoslavia 0.6% of GNP for 1964 was
attributed to the social and human sciences.75 For Yugoslavia as a whole for
the same year 8.0 % of overall research funds were so allocated (6.6 % in Slo-
venia) - a higher level than in Poland and Czechoslovakia when total R & D,
as distinct from Academy, expenditure is taken. This may not indicate that
more social research is being done; rather that comparatively little is yet being
attempted in technological R & D. Similarly, that the Rumanian Academy
(1963) should allocate a third of its budget to social and humanistic studies 81
suggests that advanced work in the physical sciences with the large costs in-
curred awaits development.
23. For Hungary (1963) a comparison is possible between the amounts of
money received respectively by the Academy, the universities and other institu-
tions for social and humanistic research and the proportions of their total
budgets which they spend on it.
HUNGARY. Expenditure on social and humanistic research (1963) (in million Forints)
Funds Percentage of
received budget spent
Academy institutes 60.4 4.9
Universities 23.8 10.4
Other places of research 6.1 1.6
Total 90.3 24.9
The figures suggest that the more advanced and costly work not only in the
physical and biological sciences but also in the social sciences is concentrated