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Sociology I 65<br />

230. G. A. DE Vos, ‘Achievement <strong>and</strong> Innovation <strong>in</strong> Culture <strong>and</strong> Personality’, <strong>in</strong>: E.<br />

NORBECK, et. al. (eds.), op. cit., p. 340<br />

23 I. Eg., A. TAKHMASIB, The Change <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Azerbaidzleanese Womens’ Personality<br />

under New Social Conditions.<br />

232. A background paper for <strong>the</strong> present report has been prepared by CHARLES<br />

TURNER; it is available by writ<strong>in</strong>g to Columbia University’s Bureau <strong>of</strong> Applied<br />

Social Research, 605 W. 115th Street, New York, N.Y. 10027.<br />

233. R. BROWN, Social Psychology, New York, Free Press, 1965 (Chap. XIII, ‘Group<br />

Dynamics’, pp. 654 ff.)<br />

234. A sophisticated example is C. FAUCHEUX <strong>and</strong> S. MOSCOVICI, ‘Etude sur la cr6ativitb<br />

des groupes: tlche, structure des communications et rkussite’, <strong>in</strong>: P. F.<br />

LAZARSFELD <strong>and</strong> R. BOUDON (eds.), Vocabulaire des Sciences Sociales (Vol. I.,<br />

Collection ‘Mbhodes de la Sociologie’), Paris, Mouton & Co., 1965.<br />

235. H. H. KELLEY <strong>and</strong> J. W. THIBAUT, ‘Group Problem Solv<strong>in</strong>g’, <strong>in</strong>: The H<strong>and</strong>book <strong>of</strong><br />

Social Psychology, Vol. IV, op. cit. These authors also provide fur<strong>the</strong>r details on<br />

<strong>the</strong> emerg<strong>in</strong>g aspects <strong>of</strong> problem-solv<strong>in</strong>g which have been alluded to <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> preced<strong>in</strong>g<br />

paragraphs without special reference.<br />

236. M. MULDER, Group Structure Motivation <strong>and</strong> Group Performance, The Hague-<br />

Paris, Mouton & Co., 1963.<br />

237. C. A. GIBE, ‘An International View <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Emergence <strong>of</strong> Leadership’, Australian<br />

Journal <strong>of</strong>PsychoZogy IO, pp. 101-1 IO.<br />

238. R. F. BALES, ‘The Equilibrium Problem <strong>in</strong> Small Groups’, <strong>in</strong>: T. PARSONS, R. F.<br />

BALES <strong>and</strong> E. A. SHILS (eds.), Work<strong>in</strong>g Papers <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> Theory <strong>of</strong> Action, Glencoe<br />

(Il.). The Free Press <strong>of</strong> Glencoe, 1953, pp. 111-161.<br />

239. While it belongs to an earlier period, one should always come back to <strong>the</strong> classical<br />

work by F. MEREI. First he allowed play groups <strong>of</strong> children to develop <strong>the</strong>ir own<br />

leadership structure <strong>and</strong> play<strong>in</strong>g norms ; he <strong>the</strong>n changed <strong>the</strong> natural leaders between<br />

groups <strong>and</strong> observed how <strong>the</strong> ensu<strong>in</strong>g comb<strong>in</strong>ation <strong>of</strong> leadership <strong>and</strong><br />

group forms (Human Relations, 1949).<br />

240. Someth<strong>in</strong>g <strong>of</strong> this k<strong>in</strong>d has been done <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> field <strong>of</strong> tra<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g <strong>and</strong> counsel<strong>in</strong>g, but I<br />

do not feel competent to judge its merit: L. P. BRADFORD, J. R. GIBB <strong>and</strong> K. D.<br />

BENNE (eds.), T-Group Theory <strong>and</strong> Laboratory Method Innovation <strong>in</strong> Re-Education,<br />

New York, John Wiley, 1964.<br />

241. The quotations are taken from C. W. BACKMAN <strong>and</strong> P. E. SECOURD (eds.), Problems<br />

<strong>in</strong> Social Psychology. In this carefully edited collection fur<strong>the</strong>r examples related<br />

to <strong>the</strong> present topic can be found.<br />

242. A brief summary can be found <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> book cited <strong>in</strong> note 201.<br />

243. While <strong>the</strong>y are not based on experiment, <strong>the</strong> numerous brilliant essays by Erv<strong>in</strong>g<br />

G<strong>of</strong>fman provide many pert<strong>in</strong>ent examples.<br />

244. P. H. MAUCORPS <strong>and</strong> R. BASSOUL, ‘Le dialogue du moi et d’autrui’, <strong>and</strong> P. F.<br />

LAZARSFELD <strong>and</strong> R. BOUDON, ‘Remarques sur la signification formelle de deux<br />

<strong>in</strong>dices’, <strong>in</strong>: P. F. LAZARSFELD <strong>and</strong> R. BOUDON (eds.), op. cit.<br />

245. R. D. LAING, H. PHILLIPSON <strong>and</strong> A. R. LEE, Interpersonal Perception, London,<br />

Tavistock Publications; New York, Spr<strong>in</strong>ger, 1966.<br />

246. J. MAISONNEUVE,<br />

La Dynamique des Groupes, Paris, Presses universitaires de France,<br />

1968.<br />

247. P. R. HOFSTATTER, Gruppendynamik. Die Kritik der Massenpsychologie, Hamburg,<br />

Rowohlt Taschenbuch Verlag, 1957.<br />

248. W. J. SPROTT, Human Groups, Baltimore, Pelican Books, 1962.<br />

249. D. ANZIEU <strong>and</strong> J. Y. MARTIN, La Dynamique des Groupes Restre<strong>in</strong>ts, Paris, Presses<br />

universitaires de France, 1968.<br />

250. J. STOETZEL, La Psychologie Sociale, Paris, Flammarion, 1963.<br />

251. H. TAJFEL,<br />

Psychology, Vol. 11, op. cit.<br />

‘Social <strong>and</strong> Cultural Factors <strong>in</strong> Perception’, <strong>in</strong>: The H<strong>and</strong>book<strong>of</strong>Social

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