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Demography 389
- the Milbank Memorial Fund, a private institution founded in New York
immediately after the first world war;
- the Population Research and Training Center, founded in 1947 at Chicago
University (Illinois).
in France:
- the Institut national d'Ctudes dbmographiques, founded in 1945, in Paris, as
a research institute coming under the Ministry of Social Affairs.
in Japan :
- the Institute of Population Problems, founded in 1939 in Tokyo, and attached
to the Ministry of Health.
in Italy:
- the Comitato Italian0 per lo Studio dei Problemi della Popolazione, founded
in Rome in 1928.
in Brazil:
- the Laboratbrio de Estatistica, established in Rio de Janeiro immediately
following on the 1940 census, and forming part of the Instituto Brasileiro de
Geografia e Estatistica.
in the United Kingdom:
- the Population Investigation Committee, established in 1936 in London.
in Spain:
- the Instituto Balmes de Sociologia y Asociaci6n para el Estudio Cientifico
de 10s Problemas de Pobladbn, research institute founded in 1943.
All these organizations founded between 1922 and 1947 were originally interested
essentially in research. Many of them very soon began to publish technical
reviews, and all of them have publishedreports and other works setting forth the
results of their researches.
I 14. At the international level, co-operation between demographers first began
to develop through the International Statistical Institute (I.s.I.) founded in
1885, then in 1928 demographers grouped themselves together in the Inter-
national Union for the Scientific Study of Population (I.u.s.s.P.). Finally, the
Biometric Society was established in 1944. At the meetings of theI.s.1. and during
the conferences held by the I.U.S.S.P. and the Biometric Society, demographers
have been able to exchange their points of view.
I 15. The above-mentioned institutes, with their publications, and the three
international associations that have just been mentioned, with their conferen-
ces, fulfilled the first two requisites for enabling research to go forward. Never-
theless, these various institutions differed considerably from one another both
as regards their size and the scope attributed to demography. The creative
spirit produced by the juxtaposition of researchers from different disciplines
was often lacking. All had the disadvantage of not taking sufficient interest in
the teaching of demography. To remedy this situation, either developing this
teaching within the institutions themselves or its separate autonomous develop-
ment could be considered. In fact, both courses were adopted.