Main trends of research in the social and human ... - unesdoc - Unesco

762 Eric Trist
Hungary in 1962 1,444 staff were spread among 227 university centres, while
554 were in 20 Academy establishments (social sciences and humanities combin-
ed).79 By 1966 the situation as between Academy institutes and university depart-
ments had become as follows.
HUNGARY. Number of research institutes and university departments (1966)
~ ~
Philosophy
Economics
History
Law and political science
Pedagogy
Languages and letters
Geography
Arts
Others
Total
Research University Other
institutes departments establishments
I
9
2
I
I
2
2
2
2
22
30
28
21
31
16
59
13
IO
4
218
3
2
-
I
3
-
Natural (physical and biological) 20 I 63 4
Medical 15 I22 2
Agricultural 22 103 5
Technological 48 I02 69
SOURCE: 'A magyar tudomknyos kutatds helyzete az orszkgos kutatksi statisztika
1966. Bvi adatai tukrkben,' Tudomhnyszervezhi Thjikoztatd 8 (I), January, 1968, p. 29.
The picture is one of concentration in the institutes and dispersion in the uni-
versities. There are now 505 institute economists in 9 establishments - a formid-
able concentration - whereas the 277 teachers of economics (who contribute
only 47 full-time equivalents in research time and have only IO other research
staff between them) are spread throughout 28 departments. For the social scien-
ces and humanities as a whole 846 research workers are in 22 institutes, whereas
1,584 teachers (contributing only 309 full-time equivalents in research time with
the support of 58 others) are in 218 departments. The departmental scatter is
larger than that in any of the other scientific groupings.
34. In many respects the social science situation in Poland resembles that in
France. The cNRs/Grands Etablissements complex in some ways parallels the
Academy as an elite institution. There is a similar attempt to build up the
universities yet to counter dispersion with greater concentration. Similar also
are the extensive developments in applied economics and the building up of
sociology. Social science planning is proceeding in the same direction in the
two countries with an emphasis on increasing the number of research workers
and a focus on broad problem-oriented themes related to social and economic
development. France reflects trends general in Western Europe as Poland does
in Eastern Europe. The differences lie in the different overall social structures
of the two types of country, their value systems and different patterns of free-
dom and constraints as these affect social research.
5
4
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