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The organization and financing of research
USSR. Graduate scientific workers in social science and the humanities by degrees
757
I958 1967
Total Doctors Candidates Total Doctors Candidates
(Graduates) (D.Sc.s) (Ph.D.s) (Graduates) (D.Sc.s) (Ph.D.s)
Economics
Geography
History and
I I ,614
3,799
243
160
4,475
1,440
429475
6,344
651
288
10,485
2,194
philosophy 17,088 359 8,311 32,257 1,150 12,726
Law
Pedagogy
1,934
12,765
102
80
1,230
2,192
39759
26,639
239
168
1,917
3,895
Philology 19,715 299 47936 42,191 641 79938
Total 66,915 1,243 22,584 153,665 3,137 39,155
SOURCE: Narodnoe Khoziaistvo SSSR V 1963, Moscow, Statistika, 1965, p. 589;
Narodnoe Khoziaistvo SSSR V 1967, Moscow, Statistika, 1968, p. 810.
unknown proportion of those classified under pedagogy wil be psychologists ;
some sociologists wil be among those under philosophy and history; and some
political scientists among those under law. Comparatively, their numbers are
likely to be small. On this assumption a certain doubt begins to exist that the
Ph.D.s in these disciplines wil be sufficient, in contrast to economics, to under-
take the senior roles in more than a limited number of complex projects. A sub-
stantial group of well qualified but more junior research workers is available at
the diploma level. Given the existing scale of graduate studies and the extent to
which Academy institutes participate in advanced post-graduate training, addi-
tional numbers in considerable supply could be brought on within a period of a
relatively few years. They may be presumed to exist among diplomates com-
pleting their two years as probationary research workers.
26. In Czechoslovakia there is now a large student body and a low faculty-
student ratio, given as 1-8.8 (for 1967) when teaching assistants are counted
among staff. Yet economists apart, shortages of research personnel in the
empirical social science disciplines are acute when the number of Ph.D.s is
CZECHOSLOVAKIA. Scientific workers? by social science disciplines (1963)
Discipline Number of scientific workers
Economics 478
Psychology 49
Pedagogy (Psychology) 186
Philosophy (Sociology) I95
Law (Political Science) 114
History 454
Philology 399
Total 1,875
7 In the group of scientific workers there are included the holders of scientific titles
(C.Sc., D.Sc.) and associated professors as well as professors at universities.
SOURCE: Statistical Yearbook of the CSSR, p. 430.