Piercing the Fog - Air Force Historical Studies Office

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Contents Chapter 7 Planning the Defeat of Japan: The A-2 in Washington. 1943-1945 John F . Kreis .............................. 349 Organization and Interservice Relationships ......... 355 Army Air Forces’ Y-Service ..................... 361 Far East Target Analysis ........................ 364 German and Japanese Interchanges and Implications for the War on Japan ........................ 371 Army Air Forces Intelligence and the Atomic Bomb . . 380 The Reorganization of 1945 ...................... 389 Chapter 8 Retrospection Williamson Murray ......................... 393 Doctrine. Intelligence. and Air Power: The Prewar . Preparations ............................... 395 Intelligence and the Air War in Europe ............. 401 Intelligence and the War in the Pacific ............. 413 Conclusion ................................... 421 NOTES .................................................... 425 GLOSSARY ............................................... 465 BIBLIOGRAPHICNOTE ..................................... 469 SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY ................................... 476 INDEX .................................................... 483 PHOTOGRAPHS Maj . Gen . Mason M . Patrick. Brig . Gen . William Mitchell ............ 19 Brig . Gen . Haywood Hansell. Jr., Col . Grover C . Brown .............. 49 Maj . Gen . Henry H . “Hap” Arnold ............................... 50 An Enigma machine ........................................... 62 Lt . Gen . Elwood R . Quesada. Brig . Gen . Orvil A . Anderson, Maj . Gen . Frederick L . Anderson, Lt . Gen . 0 . P . Weyland .................. 71 Maj . Gen . Hoyt S . Vandenberg. Maj . Gen . James H . Doolittle .......... 72 Medmenham ................................................ 86 Wing Commander Douglas Kendall, Lt . Col . William J . O’Connor; Aerial photo plotting ....................................... 88 xi
Contents Brig . Gen . Ira C . Eaker. Capt . Elliot Roosevelt ...................... 91 Maj.Gen.CarlA.Spaatz ....................................... 92 Brig . Gen . George C . McDonald ................................. 93 Maj . Gen . Muir S . Fairchild, Brig . Gen . Edgar P . Sorenson, Maj . Gen . Walter R . Weaver, Maj . Gen . George E . Stratemeyer ............ 123 Col . Harris B . Hull ........................................... 144 Lt . Gen . John K . Cannon, Col . Karl L . Polifka ..................... 179 Operation STRANGLE ......................................... 186 Lt . Gen . Earle E . Partridge ..................................... 187 The Combined Bomber Offensive ........................... 196-197 Oil campaign in Romania ................................. 21621 1 Bombing offensive against the German rail system ........... - . 214-215 The German V-l-V-2 effort .............................. 218-219 OperationOVERLO RD ......................................... 225 Lt . Gen . George C . Kenney, General Nathan F . Twining ............. 254 Lt . Gen . Millard F . Harmon, Lieutenant Ennis C . Whitehead .......... 258 Battle of the Bismarck Sea ..................................... 266 Air attacks on Rabaul ......................................... 273 Maj . Gen . Victor Bertrandais ................................... 282 Maj . Gen . Clayton L . Bissell ................................... 302 Air attacks on Japanese supply lines ............................. 316 Brig . Gen . Clinton D . Vincent; Bombing in China .................. 319 Maj . Gen . Claire Chennault, Lt . Gen . Albert C . Wedemeyer .......... 321 Maj . Gen . Willis H . Hale, Maj . Gen . Robert W . Douglass, Jr .......... 327 Maj . Gen . Laurence S . Kuter ................................... 330 Maj . Gen . Kenneth B . Wolfe, Brig . Gen . Curtis E . LeMay ............ 336 Brig . Gen . Lauris Norstad ..................................... 341 Tokyofire-bombraid ......................................... 343 Col . Paul W . Tibbetts and the crew of the Enolu Guy ................ 345 Nagasaki mushroom cloud ..................................... 347 General Thomas D . White, Maj . Gen . James P . Hodges .............. 351 Maj . Gen . Howard C . Davidson ................................. 362 Maj . Gen . Richard C . Lindsay .................................. 379 P-38, F-13 ................................................. 419 MAPS Western Mediterranean ....................................... 159 Italy ...................................................... German Air Industry Targets ................................... 185 193 P47EscortRanges .......................................... 198 xii
Page 2 and 3: Piercing the Fog Intelligence and A
Page 4 and 5: FOREWORD WHEN JAPAN ATTACKED PEARL,
Page 6 and 7: PREFACE THE MILITARY CALAMITY IN EU
Page 8 and 9: AUTHORS ALEXANDER S. COCHRAN, Jr.,
Page 10 and 11: TABLE OF CONTENTS Page FOREWORD ...
Page 14: Contents P-38andP-51EscortRanges ..
Page 17 and 18: Piercing the Fog entered the war, a
Page 19 and 20: Piercing the Fog prevented from dev
Page 21 and 22: Piercing the Fog that no modern air
Page 23 and 24: Piercing the Fog areas, the G-2 had
Page 25 and 26: Piercing the Fog addressed at war
Page 27 and 28: Piercing the Fog Events in the war
Page 29 and 30: Piercing the Fog The G-2-A-7 people
Page 31 and 32: Piercing the Fog many means to obta
Page 33 and 34: Piercing the Fog photography and ma
Page 35 and 36: Piercing the Fog aeronautical devel
Page 37 and 38: Piercing the Fog naval superiority
Page 39 and 40: Piercing the Fog GHQ Air Force comm
Page 41 and 42: Piercing the Fog bases would be ava
Page 43 and 44: Piercing the Fog target determinati
Page 45 and 46: Piercing the Fog Japanese Army avia
Page 47 and 48: Piercing the Fog On the other side
Page 49 and 50: Piercing the Fog completely changed
Page 51 and 52: Piercing the Fog aircraft, successf
Page 53 and 54: Piercing the Fog During 1934-1935,
Page 55 and 56: Piercing the Fog operations, the st
Page 57 and 58: Piercing the Fog headed an Air Esti
Page 59 and 60: Piercing the Fog intelligence compr
Page 61 and 62: Piercing the Fog as it left the AAF
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Piercing the Fog folders. It was wi
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Piercing the Fog Maj. Gen. Henry H.
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Piercing the Fog already promised t
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Piercing the Fog to the Philippines
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CHAPTER 2 The Tools of Air Intellig
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Tools of Air Intelligence Italy, bu
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Tools of Air Intelligence message a
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Tools of Air Intelligence cryptogra
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Tools of Air Intelligence Despite t
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Tools of Air Intelligence and use o
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Tools of Air Intelligence that incl
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Tools of Air Intelligence Lt. Gen.
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Tools of Air Intelligence believed
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Tools of Air Intelligence have take
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Tools of Air Intelligence cripple t
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Tools of Air Intelligence At the ta
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Tools of Air Intelligence variety o
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Tools of Air Intelligence emplaceme
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Tools of Air Intelligence Second-ph
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Tools of Air Intelligence tions dif
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Tools of Air Intelligence more incl
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Brig. Gen. Ira C. Eaker Tools of Ai
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Brig. Gen. George C. McDonald (Cour
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Tools of Air Intelligence continued
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Tools of Air Intelligence the most
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Tools of Air Intelligence were into
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Tools of Air Intelligence foreign o
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Tools of Air Intelligence Part of t
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Tools of Air Intelligence The resul
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Tools of Air Intelligence Washingto
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Tools of Air Intelligence interroga
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Piercing the Fog slowly and with se
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Piercing the Fog information and th
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Creating the Office of the Assistan
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Piercing the Fog press of daily act
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Piercing the Fog technical intellig
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Piercing the Fog time, the U.S.S. P
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Piercing the Fog numbered air force
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Air Intelligence Training One of th
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Piercing the Fog The average age of
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Piercing the Fog responsive to chan
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The Air War in Europe: Organizing E
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Piercing the Fog The exception to t
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Piercing the Fog perspective of whe
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Piercing the Fog Force history cred
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Piercing the Fog these earlier esti
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Piercing the Fog Even before the No
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Piercing the Fog at sea increased.
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Piercing the Fog to construction ya
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Piercing the Fog to the Mediterrane
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Intelligence Implications for the S
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Piercing the Fog both the data and
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Piercing the Fog The visitors recei
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Piercing the Fog economy. . . .”2
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Piercing the Fog and Y intercepts a
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Piercing the Fog number of airfield
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Piercing the Fog nated photoreconna
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Piercing the Fog identified appropr
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Piercing the Fog source of British
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Piercing the Fog sance, they concen
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B Y CHAPTER 4 The European Theater
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The European Theater of Operations
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GERMANY - Railroads 185
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193
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The Combined Bomber Offensive began
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199
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I 21 1
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I AI 215
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217
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219
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After the ground breakout from the
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227
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CHAPTER 5 The Pacific and Far East,
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The Pacific and Far East In the Pac
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The Pacific and Far East On the eve
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The Pacific and Far East semiweekly
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255
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The Pacific and Far East throughout
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The Pacific and Far East strengths.
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The Pacific and Far East ments over
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The Pacific and Far East to include
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The Pacific and Far East On January
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The Pacific and Far East Guinea fro
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The Pacific and Far East altering t
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The Pacific and Far East 18, the pi
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Two of the coordinated air attacks
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The Pacific and Far East plus Navy
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The Pacifrc and Far East protection
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The Pacific and Far East from the 1
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The Pacific and Far East landing. N
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The Pacific and Far East intercept,
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The Pacific and Far East a suitable
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The Pacific and Far East four P-38s
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The Pacific and Far East Allied lea
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The Pacific and Far East Throughout
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The Pacific and Far East watchers,
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The Pacific and Far East The inform
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CHAPTER 6 Taking the Offensive: Fro
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= Enerny-Held Areas May 1944 China-
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Taking the Offensive defend the air
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Comparative Air Intelligence Functi
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Taking the Offensive extensive coor
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Taking the Offensive destroyed, but
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Eastem Fleet JIIIDIIIIIBIL I I I I
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Taking the Offensive information on
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Taking the Offensive a problem that
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Taking the Offensive field armies,
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Taking the Offensive The cooperatio
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Fourteenth Air Force B-25s bomb the
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Taking the Offensive Maj. Gen. Clai
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Taking the Offensive March 1945. Wh
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Taking the Offensive operational ai
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Taking the Offensive Maj. Gen. Will
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B-29 Operations Against Japan Takin
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Taking the Offensive The number, lo
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Taking the Offensive The list produ
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Taking the Offensive recording the
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337
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Taking the Offensive Japan. The com
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Taking the Offensive incendiaries l
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Taking the Offensive Photo of one o
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Taking the Offensive The crew of th
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Taking the Offensive The mushroom-s
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Piercing the Fog completed in Italy
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Piercing the Fog means of obtaining
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Piercing the Fog the fall of 1943,
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Organization: A-2, US. Army Air For
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Piercing the Fog the first two case
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Piercing the Fog White was quite ag
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Piercing the Fog Maj. Gen. Howard C
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Piercing the Fog similar observatio
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Piercing the Fog a Joint Staff plan
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Piercing the Fog gave the benefit o
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Piercing the Fog tions on the mix o
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Piercing the Fog Another group appo
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Piercing the Fog might endanger suc
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Piercing the Fog A difference of op
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Piercing the Fog and assessment had
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Piercing the Fog headquarters, just
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Piercing the Fog of its topography.
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Piercing the Fog duality of thinkin
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Piercing the Fog On May 31 he met w
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Piercing the Fog would have capitul
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Piercing the Fog the JIC was inform
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Piercing the Fog future, only Canad
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Piercing the Fog capabilities and t
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Piercing the Fog of a European conf
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Piercing the Fog avoid the catastro
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Piercing the Fog lacked drop tanks,
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Piercing the Fog Particularly in th
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Piercing the Fog on doing things th
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Piercing the Fog organizations, rep
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Piercing the Fog Speer’s postwar
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Piercing the Fog With the Normandy
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Piercing the Fog buildup to contest
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Piercing the Fog perhaps even could
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Piercing the Fog interpretation of
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Piercing the Fog his Fourteenth Air
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Piercing the Fog plans and B-29 ope
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Piercing the Fog Sweden’s sale to
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NOTES INTRODUCTION Notes to Pages 1
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21. Ltr, Maj Gen Mason M. Patrick,
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82. Futrell, Ideas, Concepts, Doctr
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Notes to Pages 61-70 Second World W
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122. “Photo Intelligence,” in H
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192. Ibid., pp. 35-36. 193. Ibid.,
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view of the AAF Headquarters Air In
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Notes to Pages 145-155 151. Ltr,Eak
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supply lines to North Africa. He no
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Economic Targets in 1943,” n.d.,
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Notes to Pages 220-230 Powys-Lybbe,
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235. Haines Report, p. 104. 236. Ib
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Notes to Pages 253-259 dated May 18
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Notes to Pages 274-288 228-229. see
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864.311. 3. Ltrs, Chennault to Biss
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Wedemeyer to Chennault, Feb 4, 1945
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1. Ltr, Arnold to Hany L. Hopkins,
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and Activities in Europe”; memo,
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course of the conventional bombing
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Notes to Pages 407416 33. For examp
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A-2 AA AAF AAFPOA AAFSWPA AAI ABC A
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MAPRW MASAF MATAF MEW MID NAAF NACA
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PRIMARY SOURCE MATERIALS for this v
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Bibliography contains reports submi
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Bibliography invaluable. Complement
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Bibliography intelligence studies a
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Bibliography . Washington Command P
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Bibliography Kreis, John F. Air Wag
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Bibliography . The Eagle and the Su
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“Air Estimate of the Situation fo
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Index Army Reorganization Act of 19
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Index objectives, 1944,208,224 POIN
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need for technical intelligence, on
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Harris, Arthur T., 412 Harrisburg A
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incendiary bombing by, 338-42 refle
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O’Connor, William J., 88 Office o
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Index Shipping campaign mission dir
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398 clues of German offensive, 235-
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42d, 188 68th Composite, 3 18, 320
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