view of <strong>the</strong> AAF Headquarters <strong>Air</strong> Intelligence Function,” Sep 22, 1943, 107.99. 53. Cohen, “History of <strong>Air</strong> Intelligence,” chap 9. 54. Ibid. 55. Ibid. 56. Brett, in ibid. 57. Brown, in Ltr, Sorenson to McDonald, May 18, 1943. 58. Ibid. 59. Ibid. 60. Final Rprt, Col E. F. Koenig, Comdr AAFAIS, to CG, 1st District, AAF Tech Training Commd, Sep 30, 1942,266.1-1, 1942. 61. Memo, Lt Col Carl H. Norcross, Asst A-2, VIII Born Comd, for ACIS, subj: Army <strong>Air</strong> <strong>Force</strong>s Intelligence School, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, Jan 22, 1943, 266.1-1, 1942. 62. Koenig Final Rprt, Sep 30, 1942. 63. Ibid. 64. Memo, Lt Col Norcross for ACE, A-2, Jan 23, 1943,266.1-1, 1942. 65. Ibid. 66. Rprt, IG, “AAF <strong>Air</strong> Intelligence School,” Mar 18, 1943, 266.1-1, 1942. 67. Cohen, “History of <strong>Air</strong> Intelligence,” chap 9. 68. Hist, AAF <strong>Air</strong> Intel School, 1942- 1945. 69. Ltr, Sorenson to CG 5th AF, subj: Intelligence Material and Information, Apr 18, 1943, and 1st Ind, Lt Col Benjamin B. Cain, Asst Chief, A-2, 5th AF, Apr 27, 1943, 203.6, vol6, doc 157. 70. Cohen, “History of <strong>Air</strong> Intelligence,” chap 9. 7 1. Ibid. 72. Koenig Final Rprt, Sep 30, 1942. 73. Hist, AAF <strong>Air</strong> Intel School, Oct 29, 1943Sep 2, 1945, vol2. 74. Cohen, “History of <strong>Air</strong> Intelli- gence,” chap 9. 75. Eaker Final Rprt, Dec 31, 1943. 76. Rprt, <strong>Air</strong> Ministry, <strong>Air</strong> <strong>Historical</strong> Br, “ Anglo-American Collaboration,” Aug 1946, LC, Spaatz Papers, box 70. 77. Rprt, Lt Gen Ira C. Eaker, “USAAF in <strong>the</strong> United Kingdom, Feb 1942-Dec 1943” (hereafter Eaker Report), LC, Eaker Papers, box 20. 78. Intvw, Dr. Robert C. Ehrhart with Notes to Pages 126136 Brig Gen Harris B. Hull, USAF, Ret, Feb 13, 1988. 79. See note 76 above. 80. Memo, Lt Col Weicker to CIS, HQ 8th AF, Dec 5, 1943, LC, Spaatz Papers. 81. Intvw, Dr. Edward Hopper, 8th AF Historian, with [General Charles P.] Cabell, Jul 9, 1944, LC, Spaatz Papers, box 135. 82. Eaker to Spaatz, Mar 18, 1942, LC, Spaatz Papers, box 322. 83. Hull intvw, Feb 13, 1988. 84. Hist, 8th AF, Activation and Establishment, Jan 28, 1942, to Aug 17, 1942 (HQ Eighth <strong>Air</strong> <strong>Force</strong>, Feb 1945), 520.01, vol 1, p. 254. 85. Ltr, A-2, HQ 8th AF, to A-1, HQ 8th AF, Apr 2 1,1943, LC, Spaatz Papers, box 328. 86. Eaker Report, p. E-2-2. 87. Hinsley, British Intelligence in <strong>the</strong> Second World War, vol2, p. 51. 88. Ibid., p. 49. 89. Ltr, S/L G. E. Daniel, O.C. RAF, Photo-Interpretation Course, to HQ 10th AF (Attn: Lt Col Wright), Jun 14, 1942, 830.365; Hinsley, British Intelligence in <strong>the</strong> Second World War, vol2, p. 51. 90. Hinsley, British Intelligence in <strong>the</strong> Second World War, vol2, p. 51. 91. 8th AFHist, vol 1. 92. Ltr, Eaker to <strong>Air</strong> Vice Marshal Medhurst, Mar 27, 1943, LC, Eaker Pa- pers, box 19. 93. 8th AF Hist, vol 1, p. 346. 94. Ibid., pp. 225-226. 95. Eaker Report, p. B-2. 96. Minutes, Committee on Coordina- tion of <strong>Air</strong> Ops, Oct 5, 1942, LC, Spaatz Papers, box 121; Hull intvw, Feb 20, 1987. 97. Rprt, Maj Gen Ira Eaker, “Funda- mental Lessons Learned on <strong>the</strong> First Ten Heavy Bombardment Raids over Enemy Temtory,” Oct 2, 1942,523.609A. 98. 8th AF Hist, vol 1, p. 90. 99. Monthly Intel Rprt, A-2 to VIII Bom Comd CIS, Dec 26,1942,523.6042. 100. A-2, VIII Bom Comd, “Sources of Information on German Defense Installa- tions,’’ Dec 14, 1942, LC, Spaatz Papers, box 220. 10 1. Ltr, Arnold to Eaker, Jan 13, 1943, 437
Notes to Pages 13G.145 and draft A-5 response, n.d., both LC, Eaker Papers, box 16. 102. OSS War Diary, vol4. See also Sir Charles Webster and Noble Frankland, The Strategic <strong>Air</strong> Offensive Against Germany, 1939-1 945, vol 1, Preparation (London, 1961). 103. OSS War Diary, vol4, pp. 13-15. 104. 8th AF Hist, vol 1, pp. 228, 345- 346. 105. Powys-Lybbe, Eye of Intelligence, p. 155. 106. Memo, Lt Col Hughes to Col Robert Bacon, A-2, HQ 8th AF, Jull942, LC, Spaatz Papers, box 120. 107. Intvw, Dr. Bruce C. Hopper with Col Hughes, Sep 15, 1943, LC, Spaatz Papers, box 135. 108. Cited in OSS War Diary, vol4, p. 20. 109. OSS War Diary, vol4, pp. 20,26, 29. 110. 8th AF Hist, vol 1, p. 349. 11 1. OSS War Diary, vol4, p. 38. 1 12. Ibid. 113. Ibid., pp. 29-30. 114. Hughes intvw, Sep 15, 1943. 115. Hist, 8th AF, vol2, Experimentation and Frustration, I7 August I942 to I May 1943 (HQ 8th AF, Jul1945), 520.01, pp. 353-356. 116. Memos, Ministry of Home Security, subj: Brief Outline of Research and Experiments Department, n.d., and subj: American Personnel in R.E.8, Aug 5, 1943, both in LC, Spaatz Papers, box 186. 1 17. Memo, Ministry of Home Security, subj: Brief Outline of Research and Experiments, n.d. 1 18. Powys-Lybbe, Eye of Intelligence, p. 35. 119. Haines Report, p. 36. 120. Ltr, Eaker to Arnold, Apr 5, 1943, LC, Eaker Papers, box 16. 121. Cited in Hinsley, British Intelli- gence in <strong>the</strong> Second World War, vol2, p. 756. 122. “Special Report on Bremen,” n.d., LC, Spaatz Papers, box 326; Roger A. Freeman, Mighty Eighth War Diary (Lon- don, 1981), p. 54. 123. Babington-Smith, <strong>Air</strong> Spy, pp. 184-1 85; OSS War Diary, vol4, pp. 63- 43 8 64. 124. 8th AF Hist, vol2, p. 8. 125. Ibid. 126. Ibid., p. 5. 127. Ltr, Eaker to Maj Gen James Chaney, CG USAFBI, cited in ibid., p. 41. 128. Eaker Report, p. E-2. 129. Memo, to CG, 8th AF, Aug 1942, LC, Spaatz Papers, box 143. 130. 8th AF Hist, vol2, p. 16. 131. Ibid., p. 20. 132. Hist, 8th AF, vol 3, Growth, Development and Operations, p. 1. 133. Memo, [General Eisenhower] for General Spaatz, Oct 13,1942, LC, Spaatz Papers, box 16. 134. 8th AF Hist, vol2, pp. 5-6. 135. Ltr, Eaker to Spaatz, Oct 14,1942, LC, Spaatz Papers, box 16. 136. Ofc Dir Intel, HQ 8th AF, “Target Priorities of 8th <strong>Air</strong> <strong>Force</strong>,” May 15, 1945,520.323-A. 137. Ltr, Eakerto Spaatz, Oct 14, 1942. 138. Eaker Report, p. E-2; folder, Antisubmarine Intelligence Reports, LC, Spaatz Papers, box 10. 139. Rprts, A-2, VIII Bom Comd, Oct 1942-Jan 1943,523.604. 140. Rprt, MEW, “Bombing Attacks on <strong>the</strong> German U-Boat Yards,” Jul21, 1942, LC, Spaatz Papers, box 222. 141. Rprt, RAF Bom Ops, “Submarine Building Yards,” Aug 1942, contained in annex C, A-5, HQ 8th AF, “An Apprecia- tion of <strong>the</strong> <strong>Air</strong> Effort Against Subma- rines,” Jan 16, 1943, LC, Spaatz Papers, box 71. 142. Intel Rprt, Nov 20, 1942,523.432. 143. N.I.D. report, n.d., LC, Eaker Pa- pers, box 16. 144. Hull intvw, Feb 20, 1987. 145. HQ 8th AF, “An Evaluation of <strong>the</strong> <strong>Air</strong> Effort Against Submarines,” Jan 16, 1943, LC, Spaatz Papers, box 297, p. 15. 146. <strong>Air</strong> Intel Rprt, Jan 7, 1943, cited in Intel Svc, HQ AAF, “An Evaluation of <strong>the</strong> <strong>Air</strong> Effort Against Submarines (to Jan 1, 1943),” Feb 12, 1943, 142.042-6. 147. See note 145. 148. Ibid. 149. Hull intvw, Feb 20, 1987. 150. Ltr, Morse to Mason, Feb 10, 1943, 118.1511.
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Piercing the Fog Intelligence and A
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FOREWORD WHEN JAPAN ATTACKED PEARL,
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PREFACE THE MILITARY CALAMITY IN EU
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AUTHORS ALEXANDER S. COCHRAN, Jr.,
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Page FOREWORD ...
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Contents Chapter 7 Planning the Def
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Contents P-38andP-51EscortRanges ..
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Piercing the Fog entered the war, a
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Piercing the Fog prevented from dev
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Piercing the Fog that no modern air
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Piercing the Fog areas, the G-2 had
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Piercing the Fog addressed at war
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Piercing the Fog Events in the war
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Piercing the Fog The G-2-A-7 people
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Piercing the Fog many means to obta
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Piercing the Fog photography and ma
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Piercing the Fog aeronautical devel
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Piercing the Fog naval superiority
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Piercing the Fog GHQ Air Force comm
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Piercing the Fog bases would be ava
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Piercing the Fog target determinati
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Piercing the Fog Japanese Army avia
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Piercing the Fog On the other side
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Piercing the Fog completely changed
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Piercing the Fog aircraft, successf
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Piercing the Fog During 1934-1935,
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Piercing the Fog operations, the st
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Piercing the Fog headed an Air Esti
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Piercing the Fog intelligence compr
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Piercing the Fog as it left the AAF
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Piercing the Fog folders. It was wi
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Piercing the Fog Maj. Gen. Henry H.
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Piercing the Fog already promised t
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Piercing the Fog to the Philippines
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CHAPTER 2 The Tools of Air Intellig
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Tools of Air Intelligence Italy, bu
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Tools of Air Intelligence message a
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Tools of Air Intelligence cryptogra
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Tools of Air Intelligence Despite t
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Tools of Air Intelligence and use o
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Tools of Air Intelligence that incl
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Tools of Air Intelligence Lt. Gen.
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Tools of Air Intelligence believed
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Tools of Air Intelligence have take
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Tools of Air Intelligence cripple t
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Tools of Air Intelligence At the ta
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Tools of Air Intelligence variety o
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Tools of Air Intelligence emplaceme
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Tools of Air Intelligence Second-ph
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Tools of Air Intelligence tions dif
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Tools of Air Intelligence more incl
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Brig. Gen. Ira C. Eaker Tools of Ai
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Brig. Gen. George C. McDonald (Cour
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Tools of Air Intelligence continued
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Tools of Air Intelligence the most
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Tools of Air Intelligence were into
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Tools of Air Intelligence foreign o
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Tools of Air Intelligence Part of t
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Tools of Air Intelligence The resul
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Tools of Air Intelligence Washingto
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Tools of Air Intelligence interroga
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Piercing the Fog slowly and with se
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Piercing the Fog information and th
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Creating the Office of the Assistan
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Piercing the Fog press of daily act
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Piercing the Fog technical intellig
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Piercing the Fog time, the U.S.S. P
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Piercing the Fog numbered air force
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Air Intelligence Training One of th
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Piercing the Fog The average age of
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Piercing the Fog responsive to chan
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The Air War in Europe: Organizing E
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Piercing the Fog The exception to t
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Piercing the Fog perspective of whe
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Piercing the Fog Force history cred
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Piercing the Fog these earlier esti
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Piercing the Fog Even before the No
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Piercing the Fog at sea increased.
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Piercing the Fog to construction ya
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Piercing the Fog to the Mediterrane
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Intelligence Implications for the S
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Piercing the Fog both the data and
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Piercing the Fog The visitors recei
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Piercing the Fog economy. . . .”2
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Piercing the Fog and Y intercepts a
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Piercing the Fog number of airfield
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Piercing the Fog nated photoreconna
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Piercing the Fog identified appropr
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Piercing the Fog source of British
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Piercing the Fog sance, they concen
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B Y CHAPTER 4 The European Theater
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The European Theater of Operations
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The European Theater of Operations
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The European Theater of Operations
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The European Theater of Operations
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The European Theater of Operations
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The European Theater of Operations
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GERMANY - Railroads 185
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The European Theater of Operations
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The European Theater of Operations
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The European Theater of Operations
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193
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The European Theater of Operations
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The Combined Bomber Offensive began
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199
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The European Theater of Operations
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The European Theater of Operations
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The European Theater of Operations
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The European Theater of Operations
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The European Theater of Operations
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I 21 1
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The European Theater of Operations
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I AI 215
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The European Theater of Operations
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The European Theater of Operations
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After the ground breakout from the
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227
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The European Theater of Operations
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The European Theater of Operations
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The European Theater of Operations
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The European Theater of Operations
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The European Theater of Operations
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The European Theater of Operations
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The European Theater of Operations
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The European Theater of Operations
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The European Theater of Operations
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CHAPTER 5 The Pacific and Far East,
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The Pacific and Far East In the Pac
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The Pacific and Far East On the eve
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The Pacific and Far East semiweekly
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255
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The Pacific and Far East throughout
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The Pacific and Far East strengths.
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The Pacific and Far East ments over
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The Pacific and Far East to include
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The Pacific and Far East On January
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The Pacific and Far East Guinea fro
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The Pacific and Far East altering t
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The Pacific and Far East 18, the pi
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Two of the coordinated air attacks
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The Pacific and Far East plus Navy
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The Pacifrc and Far East protection
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The Pacific and Far East from the 1
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The Pacific and Far East landing. N
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The Pacific and Far East intercept,
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The Pacific and Far East a suitable
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The Pacific and Far East four P-38s
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The Pacific and Far East Allied lea
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The Pacific and Far East Throughout
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The Pacific and Far East watchers,
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The Pacific and Far East The inform
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CHAPTER 6 Taking the Offensive: Fro
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= Enerny-Held Areas May 1944 China-
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Taking the Offensive defend the air
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Comparative Air Intelligence Functi
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Taking the Offensive extensive coor
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Taking the Offensive destroyed, but
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Eastem Fleet JIIIDIIIIIBIL I I I I
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Taking the Offensive information on
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Taking the Offensive a problem that
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Taking the Offensive field armies,
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Taking the Offensive The cooperatio
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Fourteenth Air Force B-25s bomb the
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Taking the Offensive Maj. Gen. Clai
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Taking the Offensive March 1945. Wh
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Taking the Offensive operational ai
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Taking the Offensive Maj. Gen. Will
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B-29 Operations Against Japan Takin
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Taking the Offensive The number, lo
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Taking the Offensive The list produ
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Taking the Offensive recording the
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337
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Taking the Offensive Japan. The com
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Taking the Offensive incendiaries l
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Taking the Offensive Photo of one o
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Taking the Offensive The crew of th
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Taking the Offensive The mushroom-s
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Piercing the Fog completed in Italy
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Piercing the Fog means of obtaining
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Piercing the Fog the fall of 1943,
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Organization: A-2, US. Army Air For
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Piercing the Fog the first two case
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Piercing the Fog White was quite ag
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Piercing the Fog Maj. Gen. Howard C
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Piercing the Fog similar observatio
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Piercing the Fog a Joint Staff plan
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Piercing the Fog gave the benefit o
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Piercing the Fog tions on the mix o
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Piercing the Fog Another group appo
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Piercing the Fog might endanger suc
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Piercing the Fog A difference of op
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Index objectives, 1944,208,224 POIN
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need for technical intelligence, on
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Harris, Arthur T., 412 Harrisburg A
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incendiary bombing by, 338-42 refle
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O’Connor, William J., 88 Office o
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Index Shipping campaign mission dir
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398 clues of German offensive, 235-
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42d, 188 68th Composite, 3 18, 320