Piercing the Fog - Air Force Historical Studies Office

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398 clues of German offensive, 235-36 comprehensiveness on German army units, 182 contribution to successful campaign against oil industry, 41 1 crucial role in air war, North Africa, 163-69 discloses Japan’s regional defense planning, 284 handled under air intelligence working agreement, 358 identifies kamikaze, 287 importance in American strategic air operations, 74-77 importance in last years of WWII, 173 indicates GAF losses, 208 information on German oil shortages, 239-40 information regarding GAF, 230 input for tactical air command, 79 intelligence-sharing agreement and, 350 Kenney’s use of, 296 leads to deception around New Guinea coast, 28 1 limited access of A-2 to, 363 limited American clearance, in Mediterranean theater, 180,18 1 limited role in damage assessment, 203, 208 locations of fuel and ammunition dumps, 234 policy level of, 189 reasons for success of, 406 relationship to Allied tactical air operations, 78-80 reliability on unit strength, 204 reveals Japanese plans to defend Kyushu, 384 reveals Japan’s study of Allied air operations, 293 reveals location of panzer headquarters, 234 role of, 394 role in battle for Leyte, 288 role in Mediterranean theater, 182-83, 406 separation of Anglo-American intelligence regarding, 134 significant information on German movements, 410 strategic implications of information, 242 Index underutilization by air intelligence, 412-13 use by Australia, 108 use in Operation HUSKY, 174-75 use in Operation TORCH, 158 use in Pacific and CBI, 99-105 use against Japanese shipping, 317 usefulness in damage assessment, 139 value against GAF, 147 United Kingdom negative response to COA, 153 United States postwar strategic vulnerability of, 391- 92 United States Army 2d Signal Service Company, 107, 250, 252-53 18th Photointerpretation Unit, 3 17 32d Division, 263 138th Signal Radio Intercept Company, 36 1 837th Signal Service Detachment, 107 849th SIGINT Company, 98, 180 Air Service, 11 interservice rivalries during WWII, 8 Manhattan Engineer District, 380, 383 Signal Intelligence Service, 5 1 United States Army Basic Field Manual, Military Intelligence, 49 United States Army Signal Corps’ SIG- INT Service (SIS). 101 radio intercept at FOG Santiago, Manila, 250 United States Army Strategic Air Forces (USASTAF) creation of, 346 United States Board of Economic Warfare (BEW), 137-38 United States Joint Army-Navy Board, 51 United States Naval Group China, 259, 323 United States Navy Air Technical Section. 125 I ~~ air intelligence working agreement and, 357.359 breaking of Japanese codes by, 104 claims to German secrets, 373 crash intelligence by, 124 defeat at Savo Island, 413 exclusion from CB, 108 Far East target identification work by, 368-69 intelligence, 5 1 499
Piercing the Fog intelligence failures, Pearl Harbor, 113-15 intelligence operations in Manila, 247 Japanese code breaking, 59 Joint Intelligence Center, Pacific Ocean Area, relations with Army and mining by, 345 Office of Naval Intelligence (ONI), 30 presence in China, 312 quality of photography, 370-71 signal intelligence units (CAST and BEL- CONNEN), 250,253 stages Yamamoto mission, 8 strategic offensive debates with, 22 withholding of SIGINT from air force, 257 United States Pacific Fleet, 51 United States Strategic Air Forces, Europe (USSTAF) creation of, 172 information to assist targeting, 1945, 24 143 oil plan of, 212-13 United States Strategic Bombing Survey (USSBS), 371,375-76,387 planning for operations against GAF, 205 postwar analysis by, 90 Universities’ contribution to intelligence, 402 University of Maryland, 127 Van Norden, Langdon, 67 Van Slyck, DeForest, 367-68 Vanaman, Arthur W., 34,48 Vance, Reginald F., 252 Vandenberg, Hoyt, 69,72,232 Verville, Alfred, 19 Vincent, Clinton D., 319-20 Vuillemin, Joseph, 397 Walker, Kenneth, 48,295 War Department creates Army Air Forces Pacific Ocean Area (AAFPOA), 326-28 cryptanalysis by, 21 delineates intelligence responsibilities, 4546 directs establishment of intelligence sections, 41 General Staff G-2, Army Intelligence, 3,7-8 intelligence failures, Pearl Harbor, 500 113-15 mapping responsibilities, CBI, 305 TR 210-5,22 Victory Program, AWPD-1,3,63 war plans ACTS scenarios, 26-27 color coded, 21,22 RAINBOW, 40,48,51 Washington Naval Disarmament Conference, 2 1 Washington Naval Treaty, 21 Wavell, Archibald P., 248,415 Weapons SO-caliber machine guns, 265 Weather difficulty forecasting distant targets, 334 report interception, 97 reporting by Fifth Air Force, 261 Weaver, Walter R., 22, 123, 129 Webster, Charles, 156 Webster, Robert M., 26 Wedemeyer, Albert C., 320-21 Weekly Intelligence Report, 162 Western Desert Air Force, 168-69 Wewak airfields, 276-77,28 1 Weyland, 0. P., 69,71 White, A. W., 370,420 White, Thomas D., 30-31, 40, 43, 350- 52,398 on A-UG-2 relationship, 360 named A-2,357 struggle for an independent A-2, 360 Whitehead, Ennis, 25849,361,415 prepares for Battle of the Bismarck Sea, 266,416 receives regular reports of Japanese air activity, 275-76 use of intelligence with Kenney, 29 1 Wick, H. W., 365 Williams, C. G., 208 Williams, Jesse C., 313-14 Willoughby, Charles A., 108,253,384 complains of navy, 257 estimates troops on Los Negros, 278 Willoughby Bulletin, 108 Wilson, Donald, 26 Wilson, Hugh, 38 Wilson, R. B., 380 Wilson, Woodrow, 13 Wings (numbered) 8th Photographic Reconnaissance (Prov.), 82, 85, 89-90
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Piercing the Fog Intelligence and A
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FOREWORD WHEN JAPAN ATTACKED PEARL,
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PREFACE THE MILITARY CALAMITY IN EU
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AUTHORS ALEXANDER S. COCHRAN, Jr.,
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Page FOREWORD ...
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Contents Chapter 7 Planning the Def
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Contents P-38andP-51EscortRanges ..
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Piercing the Fog entered the war, a
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Piercing the Fog prevented from dev
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Piercing the Fog that no modern air
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Piercing the Fog areas, the G-2 had
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Piercing the Fog addressed at war
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Piercing the Fog Events in the war
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Piercing the Fog The G-2-A-7 people
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Piercing the Fog many means to obta
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Piercing the Fog photography and ma
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Piercing the Fog aeronautical devel
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Piercing the Fog naval superiority
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Piercing the Fog GHQ Air Force comm
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Piercing the Fog bases would be ava
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Piercing the Fog target determinati
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Piercing the Fog Japanese Army avia
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Piercing the Fog On the other side
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Piercing the Fog completely changed
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Piercing the Fog aircraft, successf
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Piercing the Fog During 1934-1935,
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Piercing the Fog operations, the st
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Piercing the Fog headed an Air Esti
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Piercing the Fog intelligence compr
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Piercing the Fog as it left the AAF
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Piercing the Fog folders. It was wi
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Piercing the Fog Maj. Gen. Henry H.
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Piercing the Fog already promised t
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Piercing the Fog to the Philippines
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CHAPTER 2 The Tools of Air Intellig
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Tools of Air Intelligence Italy, bu
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Tools of Air Intelligence message a
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Tools of Air Intelligence cryptogra
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Tools of Air Intelligence Despite t
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Tools of Air Intelligence and use o
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Tools of Air Intelligence that incl
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Tools of Air Intelligence Lt. Gen.
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Tools of Air Intelligence believed
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Tools of Air Intelligence have take
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Tools of Air Intelligence cripple t
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Tools of Air Intelligence At the ta
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Tools of Air Intelligence variety o
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Tools of Air Intelligence emplaceme
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Tools of Air Intelligence Second-ph
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Tools of Air Intelligence tions dif
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Tools of Air Intelligence more incl
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Brig. Gen. Ira C. Eaker Tools of Ai
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Brig. Gen. George C. McDonald (Cour
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Tools of Air Intelligence continued
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Tools of Air Intelligence the most
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Tools of Air Intelligence were into
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Tools of Air Intelligence foreign o
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Tools of Air Intelligence Part of t
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Tools of Air Intelligence The resul
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Tools of Air Intelligence Washingto
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Tools of Air Intelligence interroga
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Piercing the Fog slowly and with se
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Piercing the Fog information and th
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Creating the Office of the Assistan
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Piercing the Fog press of daily act
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Piercing the Fog technical intellig
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Piercing the Fog time, the U.S.S. P
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Piercing the Fog numbered air force
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Air Intelligence Training One of th
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Piercing the Fog The average age of
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Piercing the Fog responsive to chan
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The Air War in Europe: Organizing E
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Piercing the Fog The exception to t
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Piercing the Fog perspective of whe
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Piercing the Fog Force history cred
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Piercing the Fog these earlier esti
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Piercing the Fog Even before the No
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Piercing the Fog at sea increased.
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Piercing the Fog to construction ya
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Piercing the Fog to the Mediterrane
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Intelligence Implications for the S
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Piercing the Fog both the data and
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Piercing the Fog The visitors recei
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Piercing the Fog economy. . . .”2
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Piercing the Fog and Y intercepts a
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Piercing the Fog number of airfield
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Piercing the Fog nated photoreconna
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Piercing the Fog identified appropr
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Piercing the Fog source of British
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Piercing the Fog sance, they concen
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B Y CHAPTER 4 The European Theater
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The European Theater of Operations
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GERMANY - Railroads 185
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193
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The Combined Bomber Offensive began
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199
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I 21 1
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I AI 215
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After the ground breakout from the
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227
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CHAPTER 5 The Pacific and Far East,
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The Pacific and Far East In the Pac
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The Pacific and Far East On the eve
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The Pacific and Far East semiweekly
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255
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The Pacific and Far East throughout
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The Pacific and Far East strengths.
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The Pacific and Far East ments over
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The Pacific and Far East to include
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The Pacific and Far East On January
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The Pacific and Far East Guinea fro
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The Pacific and Far East altering t
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The Pacific and Far East 18, the pi
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Two of the coordinated air attacks
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The Pacific and Far East plus Navy
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The Pacifrc and Far East protection
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The Pacific and Far East from the 1
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The Pacific and Far East landing. N
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The Pacific and Far East intercept,
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The Pacific and Far East a suitable
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The Pacific and Far East four P-38s
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The Pacific and Far East Allied lea
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The Pacific and Far East Throughout
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The Pacific and Far East watchers,
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The Pacific and Far East The inform
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CHAPTER 6 Taking the Offensive: Fro
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= Enerny-Held Areas May 1944 China-
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Taking the Offensive defend the air
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Comparative Air Intelligence Functi
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Taking the Offensive extensive coor
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Taking the Offensive destroyed, but
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Eastem Fleet JIIIDIIIIIBIL I I I I
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Taking the Offensive information on
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Taking the Offensive a problem that
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Taking the Offensive field armies,
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Taking the Offensive The cooperatio
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Fourteenth Air Force B-25s bomb the
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Taking the Offensive Maj. Gen. Clai
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Taking the Offensive March 1945. Wh
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Taking the Offensive operational ai
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Taking the Offensive Maj. Gen. Will
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B-29 Operations Against Japan Takin
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Taking the Offensive The number, lo
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Taking the Offensive The list produ
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Taking the Offensive recording the
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337
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Taking the Offensive Japan. The com
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Taking the Offensive incendiaries l
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Taking the Offensive Photo of one o
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Taking the Offensive The crew of th
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Taking the Offensive The mushroom-s
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Piercing the Fog completed in Italy
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Piercing the Fog means of obtaining
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Piercing the Fog the fall of 1943,
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Organization: A-2, US. Army Air For
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Piercing the Fog the first two case
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Piercing the Fog White was quite ag
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Piercing the Fog Maj. Gen. Howard C
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Piercing the Fog similar observatio
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Piercing the Fog a Joint Staff plan
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Piercing the Fog gave the benefit o
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Piercing the Fog tions on the mix o
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Piercing the Fog Another group appo
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Piercing the Fog might endanger suc
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Piercing the Fog A difference of op
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Piercing the Fog and assessment had
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Piercing the Fog headquarters, just
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Piercing the Fog of its topography.
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Piercing the Fog duality of thinkin
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Piercing the Fog On May 31 he met w
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Piercing the Fog would have capitul
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Piercing the Fog the JIC was inform
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Piercing the Fog future, only Canad
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Piercing the Fog capabilities and t
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Piercing the Fog of a European conf
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Piercing the Fog avoid the catastro
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Piercing the Fog lacked drop tanks,
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Piercing the Fog Particularly in th
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Piercing the Fog on doing things th
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Piercing the Fog organizations, rep
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Piercing the Fog Speer’s postwar
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Piercing the Fog With the Normandy
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Piercing the Fog buildup to contest
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Piercing the Fog perhaps even could
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Piercing the Fog interpretation of
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Piercing the Fog his Fourteenth Air
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Piercing the Fog plans and B-29 ope
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Piercing the Fog Sweden’s sale to
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NOTES INTRODUCTION Notes to Pages 1
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21. Ltr, Maj Gen Mason M. Patrick,
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82. Futrell, Ideas, Concepts, Doctr
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Notes to Pages 61-70 Second World W
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122. “Photo Intelligence,” in H
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192. Ibid., pp. 35-36. 193. Ibid.,
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view of the AAF Headquarters Air In
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Notes to Pages 145-155 151. Ltr,Eak
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supply lines to North Africa. He no
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Economic Targets in 1943,” n.d.,
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Notes to Pages 220-230 Powys-Lybbe,
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235. Haines Report, p. 104. 236. Ib
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Page 466 and 467: Notes to Pages 274-288 228-229. see
Page 468 and 469: 864.311. 3. Ltrs, Chennault to Biss
Page 470 and 471: Wedemeyer to Chennault, Feb 4, 1945
Page 472 and 473: 1. Ltr, Arnold to Hany L. Hopkins,
Page 474 and 475: and Activities in Europe”; memo,
Page 476 and 477: course of the conventional bombing
Page 478 and 479: Notes to Pages 407416 33. For examp
Page 480 and 481: A-2 AA AAF AAFPOA AAFSWPA AAI ABC A
Page 482 and 483: MAPRW MASAF MATAF MEW MID NAAF NACA
Page 484 and 485: PRIMARY SOURCE MATERIALS for this v
Page 486 and 487: Bibliography contains reports submi
Page 488 and 489: Bibliography invaluable. Complement
Page 490 and 491: Bibliography intelligence studies a
Page 492 and 493: Bibliography . Washington Command P
Page 494 and 495: Bibliography Kreis, John F. Air Wag
Page 496 and 497: Bibliography . The Eagle and the Su
Page 498 and 499: “Air Estimate of the Situation fo
Page 500 and 501: Index Army Reorganization Act of 19
Page 502 and 503: Index objectives, 1944,208,224 POIN
Page 504 and 505: need for technical intelligence, on
Page 506 and 507: Harris, Arthur T., 412 Harrisburg A
Page 508 and 509: incendiary bombing by, 338-42 refle
Page 510 and 511: O’Connor, William J., 88 Office o
Page 512 and 513: Index Shipping campaign mission dir
Page 516: 42d, 188 68th Composite, 3 18, 320
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