Piercing the Fog - Air Force Historical Studies Office

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Planning the Defeat of Japan Knowledge of ULTRA was not a panacea by any means. The A-2 knew, but could not tell his staff, who continued to labor at projects that brought them into contact and conflict with those in the G-2 office who had broader knowledge of many aspects of air intelligence. At the same time, and mitigating some of the problems, improvements in the systematic handling and preparation of intelligence information sped the delivery of analytical products to the AAF’ s field commanders. Organization and Interservice Relationships The Air Staff reorganization of March 29, 1943, greatly broadened the A-2 office’s scope of affairs, giving the air staff‘s intelligence operation new stature and opening avenues for expanded work. The combat liaison branch of the Operational Intelligence Division became a separate division teamed with training coordination. The former Administrative Division disappeared and a new Historical Division came into being. The latter division represented AAF headquarters’ method of meeting President Roosevelt’s and General Arnold’s directions to record the operations and activities of the war, something that had not been done in the conflict in Europe until after the 1917-1918 American involvement there. Where the reform of the War Department in March 1942 had created equal AAF, Army Ground Forces, and Army Service Forces, these changes one year later resolved some of the nagging problems that various air staff offices believed impeded their ability to function effecti~e1y.I~ The AAF Intelligence Service (AFIS), the operating agency working under the A-2 since 1942, lost its separate identity. From March 1942, the AFIS and the A-2 had some overlapping functions; in the spring of 1943, Arnold combined those AFIS activities most directly related to staff intelligence with the A-2. Some other tasks went elsewhere. For example, the supervision of policies related to the safeguarding of military information and the processing of security clearances for training shifted to the Air Provost Marshal’s office. With few other changes, the March 1943 reorganization shaped the A-2 office’s form and function for the remainder of the war years. Unlike the 1943 reorganization, lesser changes of 1944 and 1945 within the A-2 office related to the need to change focus periodically to provide data to the operating commands, primarily the Twentieth Air Force, engaged in the strategic campaign in the Pacific war.I4 The A-2 was the Twentieth Air Force’s A-2 as well, and much of the Air Staff‘s intelligence work was related to the B-29 operation. The chart on the facing page shows the A-2 office’s functions after the 1943 reorganization. Through 1943, many senior officers working in military and naval intelligence in Washington saw the duplication of work by several agencies. The overlap was especially evident in the relations between the WDGS’s 355
Organization: A-2, US. Army Air Forces May 29,1943 t AC/AS Intelligence Special Deputy Executive Projects Off ice of Technical Off ice Information Services Operational Intellicrence Divisk Target Information Photointel- ligence 356 Air Movements Source: USAF Collection 142.01 Counten'ntel- Intelligence ligence Information Division Division I I Systems Control Collection and Liaison Requirements Current Special Liaison Intelligence Tactical and Technical Duplication Service Combat Liaison Historical and Training Division Division I I Combat Current Liaison Narratives Training Administrative Requirements History Operational History Biographical
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Piercing the Fog Intelligence and A
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FOREWORD WHEN JAPAN ATTACKED PEARL,
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PREFACE THE MILITARY CALAMITY IN EU
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AUTHORS ALEXANDER S. COCHRAN, Jr.,
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Page FOREWORD ...
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Contents Chapter 7 Planning the Def
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Contents P-38andP-51EscortRanges ..
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Piercing the Fog entered the war, a
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Piercing the Fog prevented from dev
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Piercing the Fog that no modern air
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Piercing the Fog areas, the G-2 had
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Piercing the Fog addressed at war
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Piercing the Fog Events in the war
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Piercing the Fog The G-2-A-7 people
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Piercing the Fog many means to obta
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Piercing the Fog photography and ma
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Piercing the Fog aeronautical devel
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Piercing the Fog naval superiority
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Piercing the Fog GHQ Air Force comm
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Piercing the Fog bases would be ava
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Piercing the Fog target determinati
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Piercing the Fog Japanese Army avia
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Piercing the Fog On the other side
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Piercing the Fog completely changed
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Piercing the Fog aircraft, successf
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Piercing the Fog During 1934-1935,
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Piercing the Fog operations, the st
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Piercing the Fog headed an Air Esti
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Piercing the Fog intelligence compr
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Piercing the Fog as it left the AAF
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Piercing the Fog folders. It was wi
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Piercing the Fog Maj. Gen. Henry H.
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Piercing the Fog already promised t
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Piercing the Fog to the Philippines
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CHAPTER 2 The Tools of Air Intellig
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Tools of Air Intelligence Italy, bu
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Tools of Air Intelligence message a
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Tools of Air Intelligence cryptogra
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Tools of Air Intelligence Despite t
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Tools of Air Intelligence and use o
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Tools of Air Intelligence that incl
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Tools of Air Intelligence Lt. Gen.
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Tools of Air Intelligence believed
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Tools of Air Intelligence have take
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Tools of Air Intelligence cripple t
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Tools of Air Intelligence At the ta
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Tools of Air Intelligence variety o
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Tools of Air Intelligence emplaceme
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Tools of Air Intelligence Second-ph
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Tools of Air Intelligence tions dif
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Tools of Air Intelligence more incl
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Brig. Gen. Ira C. Eaker Tools of Ai
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Brig. Gen. George C. McDonald (Cour
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Tools of Air Intelligence continued
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Tools of Air Intelligence the most
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Tools of Air Intelligence were into
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Tools of Air Intelligence foreign o
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Tools of Air Intelligence Part of t
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Tools of Air Intelligence The resul
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Tools of Air Intelligence Washingto
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Tools of Air Intelligence interroga
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Piercing the Fog slowly and with se
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Piercing the Fog information and th
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Creating the Office of the Assistan
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Piercing the Fog press of daily act
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Piercing the Fog technical intellig
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Piercing the Fog time, the U.S.S. P
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Piercing the Fog numbered air force
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Air Intelligence Training One of th
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Piercing the Fog The average age of
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Piercing the Fog responsive to chan
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The Air War in Europe: Organizing E
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Piercing the Fog The exception to t
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Piercing the Fog perspective of whe
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Piercing the Fog Force history cred
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Piercing the Fog these earlier esti
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Piercing the Fog Even before the No
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Piercing the Fog at sea increased.
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Piercing the Fog to construction ya
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Piercing the Fog to the Mediterrane
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Intelligence Implications for the S
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Piercing the Fog both the data and
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Piercing the Fog The visitors recei
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Piercing the Fog economy. . . .”2
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Piercing the Fog and Y intercepts a
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Piercing the Fog number of airfield
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Piercing the Fog nated photoreconna
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Piercing the Fog identified appropr
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Piercing the Fog source of British
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Piercing the Fog sance, they concen
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B Y CHAPTER 4 The European Theater
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The European Theater of Operations
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GERMANY - Railroads 185
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193
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The Combined Bomber Offensive began
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199
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I 21 1
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I AI 215
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217
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219
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After the ground breakout from the
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227
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CHAPTER 5 The Pacific and Far East,
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The Pacific and Far East In the Pac
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The Pacific and Far East On the eve
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The Pacific and Far East semiweekly
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255
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The Pacific and Far East throughout
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The Pacific and Far East strengths.
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The Pacific and Far East ments over
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The Pacific and Far East to include
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The Pacific and Far East On January
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The Pacific and Far East Guinea fro
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The Pacific and Far East altering t
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The Pacific and Far East 18, the pi
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Two of the coordinated air attacks
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The Pacific and Far East plus Navy
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The Pacifrc and Far East protection
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The Pacific and Far East from the 1
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The Pacific and Far East landing. N
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The Pacific and Far East intercept,
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The Pacific and Far East a suitable
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The Pacific and Far East four P-38s
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The Pacific and Far East Allied lea
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The Pacific and Far East Throughout
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The Pacific and Far East watchers,
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The Pacific and Far East The inform
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CHAPTER 6 Taking the Offensive: Fro
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= Enerny-Held Areas May 1944 China-
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Taking the Offensive defend the air
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Comparative Air Intelligence Functi
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Piercing the Fog organizations, rep
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Piercing the Fog Speer’s postwar
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Piercing the Fog With the Normandy
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Piercing the Fog buildup to contest
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Piercing the Fog perhaps even could
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Piercing the Fog interpretation of
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Piercing the Fog his Fourteenth Air
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Piercing the Fog plans and B-29 ope
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Piercing the Fog Sweden’s sale to
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NOTES INTRODUCTION Notes to Pages 1
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21. Ltr, Maj Gen Mason M. Patrick,
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82. Futrell, Ideas, Concepts, Doctr
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Notes to Pages 61-70 Second World W
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122. “Photo Intelligence,” in H
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192. Ibid., pp. 35-36. 193. Ibid.,
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view of the AAF Headquarters Air In
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Notes to Pages 145-155 151. Ltr,Eak
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supply lines to North Africa. He no
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Economic Targets in 1943,” n.d.,
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Notes to Pages 220-230 Powys-Lybbe,
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235. Haines Report, p. 104. 236. Ib
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Notes to Pages 253-259 dated May 18
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Notes to Pages 274-288 228-229. see
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864.311. 3. Ltrs, Chennault to Biss
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Wedemeyer to Chennault, Feb 4, 1945
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1. Ltr, Arnold to Hany L. Hopkins,
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and Activities in Europe”; memo,
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course of the conventional bombing
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Notes to Pages 407416 33. For examp
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A-2 AA AAF AAFPOA AAFSWPA AAI ABC A
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MAPRW MASAF MATAF MEW MID NAAF NACA
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PRIMARY SOURCE MATERIALS for this v
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Bibliography contains reports submi
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Bibliography invaluable. Complement
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Bibliography intelligence studies a
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Bibliography . Washington Command P
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Bibliography Kreis, John F. Air Wag
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Bibliography . The Eagle and the Su
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“Air Estimate of the Situation fo
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Index Army Reorganization Act of 19
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Index objectives, 1944,208,224 POIN
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need for technical intelligence, on
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Harris, Arthur T., 412 Harrisburg A
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incendiary bombing by, 338-42 refle
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O’Connor, William J., 88 Office o
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Index Shipping campaign mission dir
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398 clues of German offensive, 235-
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42d, 188 68th Composite, 3 18, 320
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