Piercing the Fog - Air Force Historical Studies Office

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= Enerny-Held Areas May 1944 China-Burma-India 0 250 5W Mjler SOVIET UNION 299
Piercing the Fog Chennault, commanding the Fourteenth Air Force, retained direct access to both Chiang Kai-shek and President Roosevelt. By the end of 1943, a new Eastern Air Command (EAC), the air component of Allied Command, South East Asia, would be superimposed on this already complex structure. The convoluted command and vituperative relationships among the numbered air force commanders during this period appear to have had relatively little impact on the relationship between intelligence and air operations. It is possible to address air intelligence, planning, and operations through 1943 by adopting the AM’S own India-BurmdChina approach. Certainly, overlaps occurred. Both Tenth and Fourteenth Air Forces defended the air transport route over the Himalayas. Different interpretations of Japanese activities and subsequent differences over where to employ limited resources marked the real break between Chennault and Bissell. The realities of geography and the nature of the tasks assigned make the India-BurmdChina separation useful. Early air intelligence operations in India and China were handicapped by both the hasty organization of the American air forces and their lack of trained personnel. Chennault’s first A-2 in the CAW was Col. Merian C. Cooper. Cooper, highly respected by many in the AAF, was a man of great energy and varied talents who had served in France with the Air Service during World War I and who fought in Poland during that country’s war with the Soviet Union. Later Cooper went to Hollywood, where he produced and directed motion pictures (among his best remembered were The Four Feathers and King Kong). Cooper was a prodigious worker who served simultaneously as Chennault’s A-2, his chief of staff, and A-3. Cooper’s abilities were greatly admired by George Kenney who later arranged with Washington for Cooper’s assignment to SWPA. As intelligence officer, Cooper for some time had only two assistants, 2d Lt. Martin Hubler and 2d Lt. John Birch. The latter was a resident missionary who had helped some of the Doolittle raiders to safety and then had been commissioned in the AAF. In China, the A4F lacked photointelligence; had few target folders, which were poor; and depended almost entirely on Chinese forces for target and threat data. Matters began in India in a similar fashion, with few trained intelligence specialists and little growth in the number of people available for such work. By early 1943, HQ IATF had only three intelligence officers assigned, matching the general poverty of the field in China. Subordi- nate bomber and fighter groups had a few intelligence officers on their staffs and in squadrons, and most were untrained in the specialty. In India the Americans relied initially on British and Indian intelligence resources.2 In 1942, the threadbare air intelligence arrangement did not adversely affect the small American air operations in the CBI Theater, as the Japanese Amy ground forces and shipping targets were rather plentiful and the CATF’s mission was not an offensive one. But the limited number of trained people kept a strain on the A-2 staffs, especially in China. At the time, the Tenth Air Force’s primary task was defensive: protect the India-China air ferry route and
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Piercing the Fog Intelligence and A
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FOREWORD WHEN JAPAN ATTACKED PEARL,
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PREFACE THE MILITARY CALAMITY IN EU
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AUTHORS ALEXANDER S. COCHRAN, Jr.,
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Page FOREWORD ...
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Contents Chapter 7 Planning the Def
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Contents P-38andP-51EscortRanges ..
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Piercing the Fog entered the war, a
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Piercing the Fog prevented from dev
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Piercing the Fog that no modern air
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Piercing the Fog areas, the G-2 had
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Piercing the Fog addressed at war
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Piercing the Fog Events in the war
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Piercing the Fog The G-2-A-7 people
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Piercing the Fog many means to obta
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Piercing the Fog photography and ma
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Piercing the Fog aeronautical devel
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Piercing the Fog naval superiority
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Piercing the Fog GHQ Air Force comm
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Piercing the Fog bases would be ava
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Piercing the Fog target determinati
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Piercing the Fog Japanese Army avia
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Piercing the Fog On the other side
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Piercing the Fog completely changed
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Piercing the Fog aircraft, successf
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Piercing the Fog During 1934-1935,
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Piercing the Fog operations, the st
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Piercing the Fog headed an Air Esti
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Piercing the Fog intelligence compr
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Piercing the Fog as it left the AAF
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Piercing the Fog folders. It was wi
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Piercing the Fog Maj. Gen. Henry H.
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Piercing the Fog already promised t
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Piercing the Fog to the Philippines
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CHAPTER 2 The Tools of Air Intellig
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Tools of Air Intelligence Italy, bu
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Tools of Air Intelligence message a
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Tools of Air Intelligence cryptogra
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Tools of Air Intelligence Despite t
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Tools of Air Intelligence and use o
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Tools of Air Intelligence that incl
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Tools of Air Intelligence Lt. Gen.
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Tools of Air Intelligence believed
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Tools of Air Intelligence have take
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Tools of Air Intelligence cripple t
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Tools of Air Intelligence At the ta
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Tools of Air Intelligence variety o
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Tools of Air Intelligence emplaceme
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Tools of Air Intelligence Second-ph
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Tools of Air Intelligence tions dif
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Tools of Air Intelligence more incl
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Brig. Gen. Ira C. Eaker Tools of Ai
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Brig. Gen. George C. McDonald (Cour
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Tools of Air Intelligence continued
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Tools of Air Intelligence the most
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Tools of Air Intelligence were into
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Tools of Air Intelligence foreign o
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Tools of Air Intelligence Part of t
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Tools of Air Intelligence The resul
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Tools of Air Intelligence Washingto
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Tools of Air Intelligence interroga
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Piercing the Fog slowly and with se
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Piercing the Fog information and th
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Creating the Office of the Assistan
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Piercing the Fog press of daily act
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Piercing the Fog technical intellig
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Piercing the Fog time, the U.S.S. P
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Piercing the Fog numbered air force
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Air Intelligence Training One of th
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Piercing the Fog The average age of
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Piercing the Fog responsive to chan
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The Air War in Europe: Organizing E
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Piercing the Fog The exception to t
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Piercing the Fog perspective of whe
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Piercing the Fog Force history cred
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Piercing the Fog these earlier esti
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Piercing the Fog Even before the No
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Piercing the Fog at sea increased.
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Piercing the Fog to construction ya
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Piercing the Fog to the Mediterrane
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Intelligence Implications for the S
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Piercing the Fog both the data and
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Piercing the Fog The visitors recei
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Piercing the Fog economy. . . .”2
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Piercing the Fog and Y intercepts a
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Piercing the Fog number of airfield
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Piercing the Fog nated photoreconna
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Piercing the Fog identified appropr
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Piercing the Fog source of British
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Piercing the Fog sance, they concen
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B Y CHAPTER 4 The European Theater
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The European Theater of Operations
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GERMANY - Railroads 185
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193
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The Combined Bomber Offensive began
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199
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I 21 1
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I AI 215
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217
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After the ground breakout from the
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227
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CHAPTER 5 The Pacific and Far East,
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Page 312 and 313: CHAPTER 6 Taking the Offensive: Fro
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Piercing the Fog completed in Italy
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Piercing the Fog means of obtaining
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Piercing the Fog the fall of 1943,
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Organization: A-2, US. Army Air For
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Piercing the Fog the first two case
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Piercing the Fog White was quite ag
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Piercing the Fog Maj. Gen. Howard C
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Piercing the Fog similar observatio
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Piercing the Fog a Joint Staff plan
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Piercing the Fog gave the benefit o
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Piercing the Fog tions on the mix o
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Piercing the Fog Another group appo
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Piercing the Fog might endanger suc
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Piercing the Fog A difference of op
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Piercing the Fog and assessment had
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Piercing the Fog headquarters, just
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Piercing the Fog of its topography.
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Piercing the Fog duality of thinkin
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Piercing the Fog On May 31 he met w
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Piercing the Fog would have capitul
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Piercing the Fog the JIC was inform
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Piercing the Fog future, only Canad
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Piercing the Fog capabilities and t
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Piercing the Fog of a European conf
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Piercing the Fog avoid the catastro
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Piercing the Fog lacked drop tanks,
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Piercing the Fog Particularly in th
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Piercing the Fog on doing things th
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Piercing the Fog organizations, rep
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Piercing the Fog Speer’s postwar
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Piercing the Fog With the Normandy
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Piercing the Fog buildup to contest
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Piercing the Fog perhaps even could
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Piercing the Fog interpretation of
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Piercing the Fog his Fourteenth Air
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Piercing the Fog plans and B-29 ope
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Piercing the Fog Sweden’s sale to
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NOTES INTRODUCTION Notes to Pages 1
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21. Ltr, Maj Gen Mason M. Patrick,
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82. Futrell, Ideas, Concepts, Doctr
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Notes to Pages 61-70 Second World W
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122. “Photo Intelligence,” in H
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192. Ibid., pp. 35-36. 193. Ibid.,
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view of the AAF Headquarters Air In
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Notes to Pages 145-155 151. Ltr,Eak
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supply lines to North Africa. He no
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Economic Targets in 1943,” n.d.,
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Notes to Pages 220-230 Powys-Lybbe,
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235. Haines Report, p. 104. 236. Ib
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Notes to Pages 253-259 dated May 18
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Notes to Pages 274-288 228-229. see
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864.311. 3. Ltrs, Chennault to Biss
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Wedemeyer to Chennault, Feb 4, 1945
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1. Ltr, Arnold to Hany L. Hopkins,
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and Activities in Europe”; memo,
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course of the conventional bombing
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Notes to Pages 407416 33. For examp
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A-2 AA AAF AAFPOA AAFSWPA AAI ABC A
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MAPRW MASAF MATAF MEW MID NAAF NACA
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PRIMARY SOURCE MATERIALS for this v
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Bibliography contains reports submi
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Bibliography invaluable. Complement
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Bibliography intelligence studies a
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Bibliography . Washington Command P
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Bibliography Kreis, John F. Air Wag
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Bibliography . The Eagle and the Su
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“Air Estimate of the Situation fo
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Index Army Reorganization Act of 19
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Index objectives, 1944,208,224 POIN
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need for technical intelligence, on
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Harris, Arthur T., 412 Harrisburg A
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incendiary bombing by, 338-42 refle
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O’Connor, William J., 88 Office o
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Index Shipping campaign mission dir
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398 clues of German offensive, 235-
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42d, 188 68th Composite, 3 18, 320
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