saxelmwifoebrioba da usafrTxoeba - American Academy of Arts and ...

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qristof ciurxeri amagrebda da afxazeTSi ganlagebuli sahaero bazidan ganxorcielebuli calkeuli sahaero dartymebiTac exmareboda maT. erTi wlis ganmavlobaSi CrdiloeT kavkasiidan da ruseTidan Semosuli daxmarebis wyalobiT dRiTidRe izrdeboda afxazebis brZolisunarianoba, rasac ver vityviT qarTvelebze. “boevikebisa” da mZarcvelebisagan Semdgarma qarTulma armiam daSla iwyo. 1993 wlis 27 seqtembers afxazeTis mebrZolebma sabolood gaaZeves qarTuli jari soxumidan da ukve ramdenime dReSi afxazeTis mTel teritorias akontrolebdnen. afxazeT- Si darCenilma 200000 qarTvelma regioni datova. organizebul Zaladobas yovelTvis ganapirobebs garkveuli motivacia da arsebuli SesaZleblobebis gamoyenebis survili. pol kolieri da anke hefleri sixarbisa da sazogadoebrivi ukmayofilebisadmi miZRvnil naSromSi amtkiceben, rom sixarbe (anu “Zaladobis sulisCamdgmelTa” angareba) da garemoebaTa xelsayreli damTxveva (magaliTad, iaf iaraRze xelmisawvdomoba, mowinaaRmdegis aSkara sisuste, mesame Zalis daxmarebis imedi da a.S.) ufro xSirad warmoSobs Zaladobas, vidre amas iwvevs sazogadoebrivi ukmayofileba (magaliTad, ekonomikuri da politikuri diskriminacia). 30 saqarTvelos SemTxvevaSi, miuxedavad nacionalisturi jgufebis mier sazogadoebriv ukmayofilebaze saubrisa (Cagvra, ekonomikuri diskriminacia da a.S.), Sida Zaladobebis umetes mizezad angarebiT Sepyrobili gasamxedroebuli formirebebis qmedebebi unda CavTvaloT. iafi da advilad xelmisawvdomi sabWoTa iaraRis mopoveba gacilebiT aiolebs aseTi jgufebis moqmedebas. zviad gamsaxurdia aseT Zalebs Tavisi politikuri poziciebis gasamyareblad iyenebda, magram saqarTvelos saxelmwifos sisustem mas am jgufebis kontrolisa Tu SeCerebis SesaZlebloba aRar 30 Paul Collier and Anke Hoeffler, “Greed and Grievance in Civil War,” (Washington, DC: The World Bank Group, October 2001), http://econ.worldbank.org/programs/conflict/ library/doc?id=12205; James D. Fearon and David. D. Laitin, “Ethnicity, Insurgency, and Civil War” (paper presented at the 2001 Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association, San Francisco, CA, August 30–September 2, 2001), http:// www.stanford.edu/group/ethnic/workingpapers/apsa011.pdf. 144
1989-1993 wlebi siZneleebis xana saqarTvelos istoriaSi misca. qarTuli, osuri da afxazuri Zalebis mobilizacias Soris aSkara gansxvaveba arsebobs. qarTuli razmebis – “mxedrionisa” da “erovnuli gvardiis” – mamoZravebeli Zala “Zaladobis sulisCamdgmeli” calkeuli pirovnebebi iyvnen; es ase ar iyo afxazebisa da osebis dajgufebaTa SemTxvevaSi. TiTqosda sabWoTa Cagvris (gansakuTrebiT ki, 1989 wlis 9 aprils TbilisSi momxdari Zaladobrivi faqtis Semdeg) winaaRmdeg Seqmnili “mxedrioni” Zalian swrafad gadaiqca angarebis surviliT Sepyrobil kriminalur organizaciad, romelmac moaxdina Tavisi moqmedebebis legitimizacia da Tavis rigebSi axali wevrebi patriotuli lozungebiT miizida. 1992-1993 wlebisaTvis “mxedrionad” wodebuli sxvadasxva dajgufebis mizans Zarcva-yaCaRoba warmoadgenda da gaugebaric ki iyo, iyvnen Tu ara am jgufebis wevrebi Zveleburad jaba ioselianis erTgulni. erovnuli gvardia “mxedrionisagan” gansxvavebulad warmoiSva. igi daarsda “zevidan” garkveuli politikuri miznebiT. es organizaciac akisrebda xarks Crdilovan ekonomikaSi moRvaweT da iaraRiT vaWrobis sarfian saqmes akontrolebda. bevri mebrZoli erovnul gvardiaSi Zarcvis perspeqtiviT Sedioda. afxazeTis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli kampaniis wamowyeba erovnuli gvardiis ekonomikuri interesebiT iyo nakarnaxevi _ regionis Crdilovani ekonomikis mTavari seqtorebis gakontrolebis surviliT. aRsaniSnavia, rom omma afxazeTis resursebi swrafad amowura. Zaladobis eskalaciasTan erTad ingreoda afxazeTis turistuli industria, paralizebuli iyo satransporto infrastruqtura, adgilobrivma soflis meurneobam bazrebi dakarga. sabrZolo moqmedebebis efeqturoba yovelTviurad klebulobda, mcirdeboda gasamxedroebuli formirebebis momarageba. SemdgomSi eduard SevardnaZem ostaturad gamoiyena am organizaciebis resursebis Semcireba maTi meTaurebis politikuri arenidan gandevnis mizniT. afxazi da osi mebrZolebis mier samxedro Zalis gamoyeneba umTavresad nakarnaxevi iyo ara piradi gamorCenis surviliT, aramed im safrTxis arsebobiT, romelsac maT damoukidebeli 145
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saxelmwifoebrioba da usafrTxoeba Tb
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saxelmwifoebrioba da usafrTxoeba: s
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sarCevi winasityvaoba .............
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winasityvaoba es seria gamoica amer
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uka 1. saqarTvelos administraciuli
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problemis dasma robert legvoldi Ses
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problemis dasma Sewuxebuli am safrT
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problemis dasma luli saqarTvelos us
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gaakeTon am problemebis gadasaWrela
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problemis dasma kargad rom davakvir
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problemis dasma metad aocebs, Tu ra
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problemis dasma fodes. avtoris azri
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mankieri kavSiri qarTul nacionalizm
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problemis dasma - “dayavi da ibat
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mmarTveloba da, rogorc daviT darCia
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problemis dasma Tad, gansxvaveba sa
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problemis dasma sxva ramem gamoiwvi
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problemis dasma ar gamoixateba, ara
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problemis dasma samkuTxedis Seqmnis
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problemis dasma mxolod imisa, rom r
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problemis dasma rom somxebsa da aze
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gavleniT ar Semoifargleba; TurqeTi
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problemis dasma sxvagvarad iyo: es
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problemis dasma da “regionebsa da
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problemis dasma politikur sakiTxebz
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problemis dasma winaaRmdeg warmoebu
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problemis dasma liderma eduard koko
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problemis dasma sufleba. 2004 wlis
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problemis dasma cielon efeqturi pol
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problemis dasma mesame, postsabWoTa
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problemis dasma normatiuli idealia,
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saqarTvelo: mowyvladobis ganzomileb
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Page 103 and 104: saqarTvelo: mowyvladobis ganzomileb
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Page 121 and 122: 1989-1993 wlebi siZneleebis xana sa
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saqarTvelos Tavdacvis politika da s
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saqarTvelo da ruseTi: rTuli gza urT
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gayinuli gaurkvevloba: ruseTi da ko
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saqarTvelos usafrTxoeba da dasavleT
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stabiluri saqarTvelo ruseTis grZelv
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saqarTvelo da misi Soreuli mezobleb
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saqarTvelos usafrTxoebis modeli “
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“RerZuli are”, xolo periferiis
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pirebul polusebSi , rogorc erTi sax
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avtorTa Sesaxeb oqsana antonenko _
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avtorTa Sesaxeb bruno kopitersi _ a
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avtorTa Sesaxeb damien eli _ parizi
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antonenko, oqsana, 23-25, 51, 270,
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uS, jorj u., 35, 42, 236, 246, 259-
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demireli, suleiman, 366 derJava, 21
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veneciis komisia, 481 virq, 78 vneS
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kastels, manuel, 207, 214 kaxeTi, 8
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meri, vuein, 421 mesxeTeli Turqebi,
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344, 347, 350, 352, 380, 413, 435,
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68, 70-73, 77, 81-82, 107, 112- 114
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soWis Sexvedrebi da SeTanxmebebi, 2
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230, 234-237, 239-241, 243, 247- 24
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heli, damien, 34, 38, 40-42, 51, 47
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komitetis bolo publikaciebs Sorisaa
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