saxelmwifoebrioba da usafrTxoeba - American Academy of Arts and ...

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gia nodia agebuli iyo, rogorc samdoniani eTnikuri federacia (ufro swored, kvazi-federacia) - bevri mas rusul matrioSkas adarebda. umaRlesi, sakavSiro done formalurad zeerovnuli iyo, Tumca gare samyaroc da ararusi mosaxleobac mas “rusulad” aRiqvamda. meore doneze idga sakavSiro respublikebi, anu zeerovnuli struqturis SigniT myofi kvazi-eri-saxelmwifoebi. mesame dones Seadgenda eTnikuri niSniT Seqmnili avtonomiuri respublikebi, anu meore rangis kvazi-erisaxelmwifoebi, romlebic ukve sakavSiro respublikebSi Sediodnen. es avtonomiuri respublikebi Tavis mxriv rangiT aRematebodnen avtonomiur “oblastebs” (olqebs), am ukanasknelebze dabla idgnen nacionaluri “okrugebi”. amdenad, zog eTnikuri principiT Seqmnil avtonomiur warmonaqmns sxvaze meti formaluri Zalaufleba da saxelmwifo struqturebis ufro ganviTarebuli sistema hqonda. terminebze (“federalizmi” da “eri-saxelmwifo”) “kvazi”-s damateba ukeT gamoxatavs saqmis arss, radgan gansxvaveba fasads (anu formalur instituciur struqturasa) da Zalauflebis realur meqanizmebs Soris sabWouri politikuri sistemis arsebiT da (dasavleTSi) saTanadod Seufasebel elements warmoadgenda. 11 fasads Seadgenda konstitucia – kvazi-federaluri, kvazi-demokratiuli dokumenti, romelic umaRles Zalauflebas arCeul parlamentebs (umaRles sab- Woebs) aniWebda da sabWoTa respublikebs gamoyofis uflebasac ki utovebda, rasac namdvili federaciebi naklebad uSveben. amasobaSi, realur xelisuflebas axorcielebda komunisturi 11 am gansxvavebis dafiqsireba arsebiTia agreTve postkomunisturi politikuri sistemis funqciobisa da sazogadoebis mier misdami damokidebulebis gasagebad. sxva yvelaferTan erTad, komunisturi sistemis memkvidreobas Seadgens farTed gaziarebuli warmodgena, rom sxvaoba saCvenebel fasadsa da politikuri da ekonomikuri Zalauflebis realur meqanizmebs Soris sruliad normaluria. sakvirveli araa, rom bevri dasavleli politologi laparakobs “fasadur demokratiebze” an “potiomkinis demokratiebze” post-sabWoTa qveynebSi. ix., magaliTad, Charles King, “Potemkin Democracy: Four Myths about Post-Soviet Georgia,” The National Interest, no. 64 (summer 2001), gv. 93–104. 66
saqarTvelo: mowyvladobis ganzomilebebi partia da misi iZulebis aparati, romelic moicavda uSiSroebis samsaxurs, armiasa da policias. eseni ki mkacrad centralizebulni iyvnen da emyarebodnen ara demokratiul wesebs, aramed represias. konstitucia SedarebiT demokratiulad gamoiyureboda, radgan komunistur partias ganusazRvreli vadiT SeeZlo Zalauflebis SenarCuneba. sabWoTa kavSirSic ki fasads sinamdvilisgan mTlianad ver gamoyofdi. dRevandeli gadasaxedidan aSkarad Cans, rom sabWourma konstituciurma struqturam didwilad gansazRvra is, Tu ra saxiT Camoyalibda nacionalisturi moZraobebi da maTi programebi sabWoTa kavSiris daSlis momentisTvis. rac ginda fiqtiuri yifiliyo sabWoTa federalizmi Zalauflebrivi struqturebis realuri funqciobis TvalsazrisiT, man xeli Seuwyo erovnuli biurokratiuli da inteleqtualuri elitebis, iseve rogorc erovnuli saganmanaTleblo, samecniero da kulturuli institutebis Camoyalibebas – yovelive aman ki udidesi gavlena moazdina post-sabWoTa erebis mSeneblobaze. amgvarad, sabWourma kvazi-federalurma fasadma gacilebiT metad Seuwyo xeli nacionalizmis ganviTarebas, vidre misi Semoqmedebi gegmavdnen. 12 amitomac, rogorc ki sabWoTa sistemis dasusteba daiwyo, axalma politikurma moZraobebma swored sabWoTa konstituciaSi ipoves myaro iuridiuli safuZveli, am kvazi-erovnulisaxelmwifoebisTvis damoukidebeli qveynebis statusi moeTxovaT. saqarTvelos saubedurod, igive Seexo meore rigis qvazi-saxelmwifoebsac: avtonomiur warmonaqmnebsac aRmoaCndaT instituciuri niadagi secesionisturi moZraobis 12 ix. Rogers Brubaker, “Nationhood and National Question in the Soviet Union and Post-Soviet Eurasia: An Institutionalism Account,” Theory and Society, vol. 23, no. 1 (1994), gv. 47−78; Rogers Brubaker, Nationalism Reframed: Nationalism and the National Question in the New Europe (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996); Yuri Slezkine, “The USSR as a Communal Apartment, Or How a Socialist State Promoted Ethnic Particularism,” Slavic Review, vol. 53, no. 2 (summer 1994), gv. 414−452. es avtorebi Zalian kargad gviCveneben, faqtobrivad rogor waaxalisa nacionalizmis ganviTareba sabWourma institutebma, magram ver gvixsnian, ratom Seqmnes saxelmwifos komunistma mamebma maTi interesebisa da ideologiis aSkarad sawinaaRmdego sistema. 67
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saxelmwifoebrioba da usafrTxoeba Tb
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saxelmwifoebrioba da usafrTxoeba: s
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sarCevi winasityvaoba .............
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winasityvaoba es seria gamoica amer
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uka 1. saqarTvelos administraciuli
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problemis dasma robert legvoldi Ses
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problemis dasma Sewuxebuli am safrT
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problemis dasma luli saqarTvelos us
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gaakeTon am problemebis gadasaWrela
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problemis dasma kargad rom davakvir
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problemis dasma metad aocebs, Tu ra
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problemis dasma fodes. avtoris azri
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1989-1993 wlebi siZneleebis xana sa
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saqarTvelos Tavdacvis politika da s
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saqarTvelo da ruseTi: rTuli gza urT
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gayinuli gaurkvevloba: ruseTi da ko
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saqarTvelos usafrTxoeba da dasavleT
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stabiluri saqarTvelo ruseTis grZelv
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saqarTvelo da misi Soreuli mezobleb
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saqarTvelos usafrTxoebis modeli “
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“RerZuli are”, xolo periferiis
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pirebul polusebSi , rogorc erTi sax
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avtorTa Sesaxeb oqsana antonenko _
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avtorTa Sesaxeb bruno kopitersi _ a
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avtorTa Sesaxeb damien eli _ parizi
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antonenko, oqsana, 23-25, 51, 270,
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uS, jorj u., 35, 42, 236, 246, 259-
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demireli, suleiman, 366 derJava, 21
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veneciis komisia, 481 virq, 78 vneS
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kastels, manuel, 207, 214 kaxeTi, 8
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meri, vuein, 421 mesxeTeli Turqebi,
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soWis Sexvedrebi da SeTanxmebebi, 2
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heli, damien, 34, 38, 40-42, 51, 47
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komitetis bolo publikaciebs Sorisaa
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