saxelmwifoebrioba da usafrTxoeba - American Academy of Arts and ...
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saxelmwifoebrioba da usafrTxoeba - American Academy of Arts and ...

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saqarTvelo: mowyvladobis ganzomilebebi<br />

sabWoTa kavSiris <strong>da</strong>Slis periodisTvis saqarTvelos sazogadoeba<br />

<strong>da</strong>serili iyo gammijnavi xazebis mTeli qseliT, romelic<br />

eTnoss, religias <strong>da</strong> sub-eTnikur regionul identobebs eyrdnobo<strong>da</strong>,<br />

xSirad ki teritoriul-administraciuli struqturebiTac<br />

iyo gaZlierebuli. yvelaze mniSvnelovani mainc<br />

eTnikuri sakiTxi gamodga: saqarTveloSi eTnikur umciresobaTa<br />

ramdenime jgufia, romlebic erTmaneTisgan gansxvavdeba<br />

raodenobiT, gansaxlebis TaviseburebebiT <strong>da</strong> qarTuli saxelmwifos<br />

proeqtis mimarT <strong>da</strong>mokidebulebiT. yvelaze mniSvnelovania<br />

is, rom saqarTveloSi <strong>da</strong>moukideblobis momentisTvis<br />

arsebob<strong>da</strong> ori eTnikuri principiT Camoyalibebuli (afxazeTi <strong>da</strong><br />

samxeT oseTi) <strong>da</strong> erTi religiuri principiT Seqmnili (aWara)<br />

avtonomiuri teritoria. sabWoTa periodSi maT garkveuli<br />

administraciuli privilegiebi hqon<strong>da</strong>T.<br />

Tu ramdenad problemuria saqarTvelos eTnikuri siWrele,<br />

didwilad erovnuli proeqtis centralur ideazea <strong>da</strong>mokidebuli;<br />

kerZod imaze, Tu rogor ganvsazRvravT cnebas<br />

“qarTveli”. sxva aRmosavleT evropelebis msgavsad, qarTvelebic<br />

erisadmi kuTvnilebas gamorCeviT eTnikuri mikuTvnebulobis<br />

wesiT adgenen. 6 qarTvelTa didi umravlesobisTvis<br />

6 nacionalizmis samoqalaqo anu politikur (inkluziur) <strong>da</strong> eTnikur<br />

(eqskluziur) versiebs Soris gansxvavebaze didZali literatura<br />

arsebobs, magram avtorTa umetesoba Tanxmdeba, rom safrangeTi<strong>da</strong>n<br />

aRmosavleTisken rom mivdivarT, nacionalizmi ufro eqskluziuri xdeba.<br />

magram aRsaniSnavia, rom lord eqtonma mijna did britaneTsa <strong>da</strong><br />

safrangeTs Soris gaavlo <strong>da</strong> amtkiceb<strong>da</strong> (Tanamedrove terminebi rom<br />

vixmaroT), eris franguli koncefcia eTnikuria, xolo britanuli – ufro<br />

samoqalaqoo. aqe<strong>da</strong>n Cans, rom Tumca or idealur tips Soris gansxvaveba<br />

met-naklebad cxadia, konkretuli SemTxvevebisadmi maTi miyeneba<br />

SeiZleba saproblemoc iyos. ix. John Emerich Edward Dalberg Acton, Essays on<br />

Freedom <strong>and</strong> Power (Boston, MA: The Beacon Press, 1948); Eugene Kamenka, “Political<br />

Nationalism—The Evolution <strong>of</strong> the Idea,” in Eugene Kamenka <strong>and</strong> John Plomenatz, eds.,<br />

Nationalism: The Nature <strong>and</strong> Evolution <strong>of</strong> the Idea (London: Edward Arnold, 1973), gv. 2−<br />

20; <strong>da</strong> Rogers Brubaker, Citizenship <strong>and</strong> Nationhood in France <strong>and</strong> Germany (Cambridge,<br />

MA: Harvard University Press, 1992). sagulisxmoa jek snaideris azri, rom<br />

eTnikuri nacionalizmis samoqalaqoze mZlavroba <strong>da</strong>gvianebul<br />

ganviTarebas ukavSirdeba. ix., Jack Snyder, From Voting to Violence: Democratization<br />

<strong>and</strong> Nationalist Conflict (New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2000), gv. 77<br />

61

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