Labelling Review row-Online

Mismatch Repair Protein (MSH6)
Clone PU29
1 mL, 0.1 mL liquid NCL-L-MSH6 P (HIER)
7 mL Bond ready-to-use PA0597 P (HIER)
MSH6 is a 160 kD protein which is involved in DNA mismatch repair (MMR)
and recombination pathways, when heterodimerized with MSH2. Defects in
mismatch repair systems can cause mutations and can cause DNA
microsatellite sequences to become unstable. Microsatellite instability has
been described in colorectal cancer, particularly in Hereditary Nonpolyposis
Colorectal Cancer (HNPCC) where MSH6 expression, along with other MSH
proteins, is disrupted. Immunohistochemical studies have reported that
MSH6 is strongly expressed in the nucleus of cells in normal colonic
epithelium, especially in crypts. Expression is also found in lymphocytes.
Studies have also shown that MSH6 is expressed in gastric carcinomas and
endometrial carcinomas. However, sometimes expression can be lost in
some endometrial carcinomas and colonic carcinomas with microsatellite
instability. MSH6 has been reported to be a useful marker to use in
conjunction with microsatellite instability screening to identify colon tumors
that may contain MMR gene mutations, such as HNPCC.
Product Specific Information
The use of PBS-based diluents may result in increased background staining.
Refer to page 34 for the Bond ready-to-use format.
Human colonic carcinoma: immunohistochemical staining for Mismatch Repair Protein 6
(MSH6) using NCL-L-MSH6. Note intense nuclear staining of a proportion of tumor cells.
Paraffin section.
Mismatch Repair Protein (PMS2)
Clone M0R4G New!
1 mL, 0.1 mL liquid NCL-L-PMS2 P (Enzyme) W
Reference Range
New!
Postmeiotic segregation increased 2 (PMS2), also known as PMS1 protein
homologue 2, is a DNA mismatch repair (MMR) protein. The PMS2 gene
family members are found in clusters on chromosome 7. PMS2 is a 96 kDa
mismatch repair protein closely related to MLH1, MLH3 and PMS1, which
are homologs of the bacterial mutL gene. The PMS2 protein forms a
heterodimer with the MLH1 protein which is then activated in the presence
of ATP; this complex coordinates the binding of other proteins that repair
DNA errors arising during cell preparation for cell division.
The loss of PMS2 expression in tumors can be helpful in identifying hMLH1
mutation carriers and identify their suitability for mutation analysis.
PMS2 gene defects account for a small but significant proportion of
colorectal cancers and for a substantial proportion of tumors with
microsatellite instability. PMS2 is associated with cases of the dominantly
inherited disorder Hereditary Non-Polyposis Colon Cancer (HNPCC) but
more clearly associated with a variation of HNPCC known as Turcot
syndrome.
Human Colonic Carcinoma: immunohistochemical staining for PMS2 using NCL-L-PMS2.
Paraffin section.
Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase
Kinase 4
Clone 7A6
1 mL lyophilized NCL-MKK4 P (HIER)
Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 4 (MKK4) is a member of the MAP
kinase kinase family which directly phosphorylates and activates the c-Jun
N-terminal kinases (JNK) in response to cellular stresses and proinflammatory
cytokines. MKK4, like MKK3, also phosphorylates and activates
the p38/HOG kinase. MKK4 activates mitogen-activated protein kinases
(MAPKs) which are involved in the transduction of extracellular signals for
growth factors or environmental stresses which usually result in cell growth
and differentiation. MKK4 mRNA has been reported to be expressed in many
human tissues including skeletal muscle and brain with lower expression in
heart, placenta, kidney, liver, pancreas, and in the cytoplasm and nucleus of
normal gastric epithelia. The deletion and mutation of the MKK4 gene,
reported in human pancreatic lung, breast, testicle and colorectal cancer
cell lines and in a proportion of gastric, prostatic, pancreatic, biliary and
breast carcinomas, suggests that it might have a role as a suppressor of
tumorigenesis or metastasis.
Human testis: immunohistochemical staining for mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 4
using NCL-MKK4. Note cytoplasmic and nuclear staining of spermatogonia in the seminiferous
tubules. Paraffin section.
F Frozen I Immunofluorescence E Electron microscopy
P Paraffin C Flow cytometry O Other applications
W Western blotting
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Primary Antibodies