Labelling Review row-Online

Cathepsin G
Clone 19C3
1 mL lyophilized NCL-CATH-G P (HIER) W
Cathepsin G expression in normal tissues is restricted to granulocytes,
especially neutrophils. However, mononuclear phagocytes have been
demonstrated to bind and internalize proteases from neutrophils. Cathepsin
G is located in neutrophilic polymorphonuclear leukocytes which contain
specialized azurophil granules together with two other serine proteases;
elastase and hepsin. These three proteases may participate in the killing
and digestion of engulfed pathogens and in connective tissue remodelling at
sites of inflammation. Cathepsin G is also reported to be expressed in acute
and chronic myeloid leukemias whereas acute lymphoblastic or chronic
lymphocytic leukemias are negative for this protein.
Human tonsil: immunohistochemical staining for cathepsin G using NCL-CATH-G. Note intense
membrane staining of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Paraffin section.
Cathepsin L
Clone 13C2
1 mL lyophilized NCL-CATH-L P
Cathepsin L is a lysosomal cysteine protease which plays a major role in
intracellular protein catabolism. It exhibits the most potent collagenolytic
and elastinolytic activity of any of the cathepsins in vitro. It can inactivate
alpha-1 protease inhibitor which controls human neutrophil elastase activity
in vitro. Cathepsin L has been implicated in a number of pathological
processes including myofibrial necrosis in myopathies and in myocardial
ischemia and also in the renal tubular response to proteinuria. Cathepsin L is
present in all normal cell types but, in general, increased expression occurs
in cancers. The highest observed levels of Cathepsin L are to be found in
kidney and testicular tumors, with very high levels reported to be detected in
non-small cell carcinomas of the lung and above normal levels expressed in
breast, ovarian, colonic, adrenal, bladder, prostate and thyroid cancers.
Cathepsin L, serine protease (uPA), protease inhibitor (PAI-1) as well as
other proteases play an important role in cancer invasion by their ability to
destroy the surrounding extracellular matrix through their respective
proteolytic activities.
Human liver: immunohistochemical staining for cathepsin L using NCL-CATH-L. Note granular
cytoplasmic staining of a proportion of hepatocytes. Paraffin section.
Caveolin-1
Clone 4D6
1 mL, 0.1 mL liquid NCL-L-Caveolin-1 P (HIER)
Caveolin-1 is a major structural component of caveolae which are vesicular
invaginations present on the plasma membrane of different cell types. It
plays a regulatory role in several signalling pathways and is reported to be
most abundantly expressed in terminally differentiated mesenchymal cells
such as smooth muscle cells, adipocytes and endothelial cells. High levels
are also reported in fibroblasts where a fine granular membranous and
diffuse cytoplasmic staining pattern is described. In pancreatic cancer,
caveolin-1 is reported to be expressed on the cell membrane and cytoplasm
of cancer cells. Further studies have reported that caveolin-1 is likely to act
as a tumor suppressor in some human malignancies such as sarcomas.
Normal human colon: immunohistochemical staining for caveolin-1 using NCL-L-Caveolin-1.
Note cytoplasmic staining of smooth muscle and endothelium. Paraffin section.
CCK-8 (Cholecystokinin)
Polyclonal
0.25 mL lyophilized NCL-CCK-8p P (Enzyme)
Cholecystokinin (CCK) was first isolated as a 33 amino acid intestinal peptide
hormone that binds saturably and reversibly to distinct receptors in brain
and pancreatic cell membranes. In both the brain and intestine, CCK exists
in a number of molecular forms of which the C-terminal octapeptide (CCK-8)
represents the most abundant molecular species. CCK, gastrin, secretin and
vasoactive intestinal polypeptide belong to the gastrointestinal hormone
family. CCK functions to stimulate enzyme secretion from the pancreas, gall
bladder contraction, intestinal motility as well as inhibiting gastrin-induced
acid secretion. CCK also serves as a neurotransmitter and modulates the
action of other neurotransmitters eg dopamine, 5-HT, GABA and excitatory
amino acids. CCK is distributed in several regions of the brain including the
cerebral cortex, hippocampus, amygdaloid nuclei and the hypothalamus.
CCK is localized mainly in peripheral nerve fibers in the myenteric and
submucosal ganglia as well as in endocrine cells of the gastrointestinal
tract.
F Frozen I Immunofluorescence E Electron microscopy
P Paraffin C Flow cytometry O Other applications
W Western blotting
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Primary Antibodies