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Incrementing ASVAB Validity with Spatial and Perceptual-Psychomotor Tests Henry H. Busciglio U. S. Army Research Institute The Army's Project A is a long-term, comprehensive effort to improve the selection and classification of enlisted personnel. One objective of this effort was to develop and validate measures of abilities other than the general cognitive domain covered by the Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery (ASVAB), including spatial, perceptual, and psychomotor abilities. Previous analyses of Project A data (Campbell, 1988) showed that the ASVAH .' is useful for predicting first tour performance. Therefore, the ASVAB serves as a baseline against which the marginal utility of other tests for selection and classification is judged. This analysis of data collected during the 1985 Project A Concurrent Validation attempted to answer three questions: (1) How much of the variance in comprehensive performance measures can spatial and perceptual-psychomotor tests account for, over and above that predicted by ASVAB subtests? (2) Is either type of test, spatial or perceptual-psychomotor, more useful for incrementing ASVAB validity? (3) Which specific Project A tests will make the highest individual contributions to this incremental validity? Subjects Method Subjects were first-term enlisted personnel in the nine MOS for which hands-on criterion measures were collected as part of the 1985 Concurrent Validation phase of Project A. The number of subjects from each MOS, as well as the total sample size, is shown in Table 1. Predictors Predictors were the nine ASVAB subtests, the six Project A paper-and-pencil tests of spatial ability, and 14 selected scores from the ten Project A computerized perceptual-psychomotor tests. Table 2 presents a list of these predictors, along with the specific perceptual-psychomotor scores used. Presented at the meeting of the Military Testing Association, November, 1990. All statements expressed in this paper are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the Official opinions or policies of the U.S. Army Research Institute or the Department of the Army. 380
Table 1 Subjects MOS Enlisted Job N 11B 13B 19E 31c 63B 64C (now 88M) 71L 91A 95B TOTAL Infantry Cannon Crew Armor Crew Single Channel Radio Operator Light Wheel Vehicle Mechanic Motor Transport Operator Administrative Specialist Medical Specialist Military Police 491 464 394 289 478 507 427 392 597 4,039 Note. Actual sample sizes for some analyses were smaller than those shown. Table 2 Predictor Measures ASVAB Subtests: Spatial Ability Tests: Mechanical Comprehension Assembling Objects Auto/Shop Information Map Electronics Information Maze Math Knowledge Object Rotation Arithmetic Reasoning Orientation Verbal (Paragraph Comprehension Figural Reasoning + Word Knowledge) General Science Coding Speed Number Operations Perceptual-Psychomotor Tests and Scores: Target Tracking 1 - accuracy Target Tracking 2 - accuracy Target Shoot - accuracy and time-to-fire Cannon Shoot - time discrepancy (from optimal) Simple Reaction Time - decision time Choice Reaction Time - decision time Short-Term Memory - decision time and proportion correct Perceptual Speed - decision time and proportion correct and Accuracy Target Identification - decision time and proportion .correct Number Memory - response time 381
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32nd ANNUAL CONFERENCE OF THE MILIT
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32nd Annual Conferenae of the Milit
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Registration (Continued) RMC M, McK
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TABLE OF CONTENTS 1990 CONFERENCE C
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305. 306. 307. 308. 309 * 310. 311.
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418. Not Presented. 419. HANSON, Ma
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502. Not Presented. 503. COLLINS, D
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804A. 804B. ao4c. 804D. 805. DOYLE,
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'I'li~; CANADIAN RESERVES: CURRENT
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of ‘;llC 1; e f-;
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easons, followed by social reasons
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Training to support these programs
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USAREC commanders in the field take
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lost; but asking for more quality,
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Background ETHNIC PARTKCIPATION IN
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Tahte 1 The Ten Largest Ethnic Grou
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or 25.6% of foreign horns, :Jero ac
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1990 ARMY CAREER SATISFACTION SURVE
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clashes, etc.). It may be that the
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espondents were so concerned about
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The Use of Artificial Neural Networ
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where: A = (A,, . . . . A,) , B = (
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In attempting to relate ASP score t
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Hispanics in Navy’s Blue-Collar C
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34.81 33.60 34.00 12.60 12.54 12.28
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Work-g;rouD comoosition. The averag
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1 . INTRODKTICi? DESCRIPTORS OF JOB
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c:- TORc OF JOB SPEr:aON RAm ON JOS
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2.1.5.4. Pcrcelitage of Persons Rxe
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----- DESCRIPTORS OF JOE SPECIALIZA
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coum? I 1.1 TIME SPECIALI7,TION, CO
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DESCRIPTORS OF JOR SPECIEJ,IZATIaN
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I ? 3 4 5 n 96 96 96 96 67 49 19 II
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ADDRESSING THE ISSUES OF “QUANTIT
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abilities for test development (Stu
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atings for the incumbents given in
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Psycholoqical Bulletin, 70(61, 534-
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quantitative comparison of the sort
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administrative occupations. The lea
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SUMMARY This exploratory study was
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--- These job descriptions were pri
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Table 2 below illustrates the degre
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However, the degree of agreement ob
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Tosunmmrize, informationgeneratedfr
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Change IIf If 1: 1; 0 tl t2 t3 t4 t
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Recammenaations Werecxararrendthat~
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The ORDB was designed and continues
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qualified resources to support cont
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acquisition. ASD/ALH made extensive
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A Suite of Advanced Interpretive As
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CORCAS - The CORCAS report characte
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Discussion The advanced analysis as
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From a technical point of view, the
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y attending schools, to meet the re
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Literature ------. .-- -.~---.. --
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organizational distribution of the
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in training cost savings, a reduced
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APPLICATION OF THE JOB ABILITY ASSE
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As already shown, rater reliability
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0 a 103 -t \~~.1~--l---1.1-~L-I I
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Table 1 Military Assignments in the
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Preference scores overall sample (N
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Region School’)North Center South
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Aptitude-Oriented Manpower Replacem
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The Psychologist’s Method of Prop
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Table 5: Study on Job Characteristi
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equired for an occupation (Ruck, 19
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For the weapon system design TDS ap
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knowledge-based model (equation 3)
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EVALUATION MODEL The evaluation sys
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and various other sources, we becam
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.--_-.-- .---- ----- -...- -._--_.-
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tally significant. Hotelling's T2 w
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able ancillary information which co
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and a contractor (Westinghouse) was
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‘A’ and what knowledge a typica
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Develop job oriented electricity th
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year career. Instead, CODAP provide
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2E 24 20 I@ 12 8 4 Figure 4 Mean Li
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using event history analysis, which
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increased student-instructor intera
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Exercise Performance Group II (inst
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etween CBT and research on teaching
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in baseline classes and 39 platoons
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--. ..____ s platoons. Team Chiefs,
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._ 50 - BASELINE TRAINING z . WEEK
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The scenario must be short, concise
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I PEACiTIME TAIKI I ,......_.,,....
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have involved complicated procedure
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I'd like to start with an brief ove
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~-~___-. -- ---- Brooks et al (1987
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BATTLE-TASIUBATTLEBOARD TRAINING AP
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4. Situational Awareness and the Mi
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examples then chaining the stages s
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I L THE PERSONNEL APPLIED RESEARCH
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Typically a commander's awareness o
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Table 1 Situational Awareness Items
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answers that precisely indicated th
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2. Identifying The Problem 2.1. Scr
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3.1.2. Problem Area: Handling Compl
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Analyzing User Interactions With In
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lesson templates. Intelligent lesso
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iteration of the evaluation study.
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MILITARY TWTING ASSOCIATION iYH) An
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DATA INPUT Two methods are provided
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10 WE 1ASI YlslRUc70n IS PROMPlED 1
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The linear model indicates that the
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Cost-Effectiveness of Home Study us
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- ---.. Eouinment, Procedure and Da
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Figure 1 shows the total course con
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(1) Determine criticality of the ob
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(4) Length of the material tested.
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(e) Average the total responses and
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-- ---. ----- --- --.._ _ .I-. I he
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On the POMS, two-way ANOVAs for rep
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Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 2
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. Stressors An anal.ysis was made o
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. The Test After a short demonstrat
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then by the principle of transitivi
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the order they were obtained. FoLLo
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a regression equation can be create
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--__-. -. _ the Army’s near-term
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however, would be to determine whet
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Development of a New Language Aptit
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e preferable to group languages int
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Implementation of Content Validity
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Air Force enlisted specialties. The
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clear reference support and accepta
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Barbara Jezior U.S. Army Natick Res
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Figure 2’s scatterplot shows the
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---.---- ---._. -.. \ ASVAB, Descri
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tests in a paper-and-pencil mode; t
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Corps MOSS will include: Motor Tran
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ASSESSMENT OF APTITUDE REQUIREMENTS
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I AFI’ITUDE ASSESSMENT TOOLS FOR
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Currently. most personnel psycholog
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Sample METHOD The sample consisted
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Table 1 Correlation Matrix of Predi
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performance criteria. Classificatio
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Variables Criteria. Two measures of
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Psychometric Properties of NOAE! Pr
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predicts MARS III training success,
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One-hundred and eighty of the most
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Table 2 presents the intercorrelati
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lower) than those of soldiers who r
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For each administration, the tests
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Table IV cont. EM-46 13 Paygrade 1
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Discussion This study failed to sho
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afterwards. The purpose of the curr
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consuming the carbohydrate. This st
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REFERENCES Banderet, L. E., Lieberm
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Virtually all life experiences are
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verified can reduce faking (Schrade
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Glennon, J. R., Albright, L. E., &
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to develop materials to the best le
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considerable time preparing for the
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REFERENCES Laabz., G. ~1.) &‘< Be
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Similarly, a number of vocational i
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tool wi th which tu begin acquaint
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PREDICTING PERFORMANCE WITR BIODATA
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analysis. For biodata items in whic
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Table 6 presents the results of the
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surveyed job incumbent is requested
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overall predictive efficiency, (i.e
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anged from 62% (908X0) to 89% (112X
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THE SURVEY INSTRUMENT The SKT Task
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C. Clusterine of Factor Profiles vs
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DJSCUSSION unit weighting at the E-
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The ODCSPER directed that a Physica
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Factor 1, For purposes of this pape
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Discussion Certain characteristics
Page 345 and 346: Instruments -.~--..-~---.- --... ._
Page 347 and 348: Overall, the results replicate the
Page 349 and 350: REFERENCES Hanson, M.A., Hallam, G.
Page 351 and 352: Sub jects---Twen ty medical researc
Page 353 and 354: In the second study, the response r
Page 355 and 356: SUBJECTIVE STATES QUESTIONNAIRE: PE
Page 357 and 358: each item on the SSQ was read to th
Page 359 and 360: I4 BI k3 ; 2 BASELINE WALK 1 FIG. 2
Page 361 and 362: Validity of Grade Point Average: Do
Page 363 and 364: elationships. The highest correlati
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Page 367 and 368: Introduction Flight Psychological S
Page 369 and 370: 1) Demonstration Phase The control
Page 371 and 372: published in the “Wehtpsychologis
Page 373 and 374: Introduction Leadership in Aptitude
Page 375 and 376: A further objective was to produce
Page 377 and 378: his group, to insist on a short che
Page 379 and 380: ehavior will be invalid. This condi
Page 381 and 382: In the fire fighting system prevent
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Page 385 and 386: In the Federal Armed Forces, this c
Page 387 and 388: Evaluation of the counseling nroced
Page 389 and 390: TABLE 2. Ranking, Weighting, and Sc
Page 391 and 392: . EJectronlcs KnowledQg (Table A-3)
Page 393 and 394: 3. Further test the TAE approach on
Page 395: * PC.05 * * pc.01. *** pc.001. Corr
Page 399 and 400: Table 3 Proportion of Criterion Var
Page 401 and 402: some ASVAB and Project A predictors
Page 403 and 404: the higher-scoring examinees will a
Page 405 and 406: Table 2 Correlation Coefficients of
Page 407 and 408: -~ . -______ -__--..- REFERENCES La
Page 409 and 410: REFERENCES Lawshe, C. H. (1975). A
Page 411 and 412: ubjects in each analysis may differ
Page 413 and 414: -.- -. -.-- -. The Minnelrota Multi
Page 415 and 416: the scales based on character of se
Page 417 and 418: school diploma graduates (10,6%, 14
Page 419 and 420: criterion.(-.09). Variabk? Table 2
Page 421 and 422: Laurence, J. H., & Gribben, M. A. (
Page 423 and 424: Subjects were al lowed to use the a
Page 425 and 426: -- I
Page 427 and 428: -~-- -___- - Subjects Sixteen soldi
Page 429 and 430: The effects of both altitude exposu
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Page 433 and 434: factors from both enemy and friendl
Page 435 and 436: Using those systems tasks which are
Page 437 and 438: 'L'KADLNC; OE'k' PEKFOKMANCE, TKAlN
Page 439 and 440: PPOPORTI ON OF PEOPLE 04 .T.# - 90
Page 441 and 442: which is a check oE logical necessi
Page 443 and 444: FINAL REPORT, COMPUTER ASSISTED GUI
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As a further measure of the effecti
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5. Training is essential to the suc
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Post Selection Board Analysis Post-
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-- higher. The second approach was
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Figure 1. Lowest Break in Vertical
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THE USE OF INCENTIVES IN LIGHT INFA
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%5 (+ 40- ‘-J 3 o- Lt) 2 o- 1 3-
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otation, and 6) general job motivat
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COHESION IN CONTEXT Guy L. Siebold
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een used in prior research and thus
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-_._____ __ _.._^.._ _.. _.^ _-- wa
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EVALUATION OF THE ARMY’S FINANCE
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The three critical issues were form
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. operational capability was valida
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(c) Take-home package observations
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Figure 1. . INHIBITORS OF INITIATIV
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STARTING A TQM PROGRAM IN AN R&D OR
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are used to examine the processes a
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Management must listen, but also le
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32nd Conference of the Miiitarv Tes
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e. Ceployability research On severa
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--- --- We estimate that 25% of all
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e. Furthermore, I have been c:omman
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Acceptance of Change An Empirical T
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supervisor-subordinate relations, m
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I_- __-- ____-._ -.- -- -.. .-.----
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TWEEDDALE, J. W. (Chair), Chief of
Page 501 and 502:
____ _.... ___----- .._._ - ___.I.-
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i I I Scholarship: Quality of learn
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--- -_ ------__ -_-._-_--.-_.--- -_
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I were dcrivcd lo optimally prcdicl
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2. While the academically oriented
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Accordingly, the NROTC selection in
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the behavioral statements for guidi
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- .__ the new interview is criterio
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iors, these items are more likely t
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Comuarison with “Honest” Sample
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Conclusions The final experimental
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THE INVESTIGATIVE INTERVIEW> A REVI
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7B---.-- -- rapport with the subjec
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staff concluded that inclusion of t
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Backaround Each of the military ser
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Empirical Scorinq Key Prescreening
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The base rate for applicants who re
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installations were visited to obtai
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Obstacles in Maintainina an Effecti
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Installation security managers also
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The goal for the CVAL system was to
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Based on the feedback received from
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(1) The keynote in interpreting the
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NAVY ': HANDS-ON AND KNOWLEDGE TEST
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The general knowledge test consiste
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I Table 4 Correlations Between Writ
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1 Interrater Reliability as an Indi
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might influence task performance. T
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Figure 2 shows temporal effects at
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ARMY: JOB PERFORMANCE MEASURES FOR
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for MOS-specific tasks, as the perc
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Table 3 shows the intercorrelations
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The USAF Occupational Measurement S
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In addition to SKTs and PFEs, USAFO
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only for the first job, as well as
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The Examirler is a sopilisticated c
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The Examiner Multiple Choice Multip
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Paner and Pencil Testing The Examin
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The Exanliwr is ii sopllis[ic;l(etj
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(c) The Coast Guard will host the 1
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ORGANIZATION ROYAL WSTRALIAR AIR FO
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ORGANIZATION 1990 REPRESENTATIVE RO
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ORGANIZATION NAVAL HILITARY PERSONN
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C. Non-Member Participants. 1. Non-
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committee members shall serve in th
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CDR Mary Adams Naval Education and
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Jack R. Dempsey Human Resources Res
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c _.. -. _ ..-___ Mr. G. J. (Jeff)
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Deborah L. McCormick Chief,of Naval
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COL Terry J. Procluk Director of Pe
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Paul P. Stanley.11 USAFOMC/OMD Rand
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Abrahams, N. M., 486 Albert, W, G.,
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