I__. - International Military Testing Association

usually sophisticated engineering development models which do
not lend themselves to human dimension integration. Subsequent
steps, in turn, would be:
-Select those systems for study which require "man-in-the-loopI'
for optimal functioning. Good candidates for study are those
systems which depend upon humans for the performance of critical
functions. The intent, early in a human dimensions integration
program, is to pick those systems for study which are likely to
show the importance of human dimensions, even when only limited
human performance is modeled.
-Select human systems tasks which are currently modeled by
implication (i.e. man as 1.0) and for which data can be obtained,
such as "acquire target'*,"identify target", or "lock-on
target and fire". When systems are conceived, their designers
allocate some tasks to man, some to the machine and some to both
man and machine. A combat aircraft, for example, might acquire
a target automatically through the system itself, depend on its
operator for correct identification and attack decision, then
return control to the system for attack launch and execution. In
some highly sophisticated design processes using elaborate task
analysis this process is formal. More often it is informal.,
Selection of human-critical tasks will, like the first step,
increase the likelihood that human variance will have an
independent-variable impact on model outcome.
-Modify the selected model to allow replication of the discrete
human functions selected. Actual model algorithms need not be
complex. The initial modifications need only demonstrate that
the human tasks selected do, in fact, influence the outcome of
the analysis as shown by the measures of effectiveness. Modifying
complex models to show the more discrete human functions
such as suppressed action due to fear or diminished target
acquisition due to cognitive overload is within our current
capability. Some models already represent these functions to
a degree.
-Run the model with the human factors modifications using the
best available data.
-Compare the model output (systems exchange ratios, force
exchange ratios, etc.) between the basic combat model and the
human factors modification. At this point human performance
can be observed in a quantified fashion which is both understandable
and acceptable to the senior engineering design
community.
-Demonstrate the value of human.factors algorithms in combat
modeling through the (hopefully) significant differences between
the basic and human factors modified model.
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