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_^,--_ ---. , at altitude, pi;;;: shooters als;ffired more quickly but less accurately. He suggests feelings sickness and increased physical symptomatology (acute mountain sickness) experienced in the first few days of altitude exposure lead to lowered motivation to perform well, presumably because of one's preoccupation with bodily discomfort. It is also possible that subjects become impatient trying to maintain a good aiming point with increased body sway encountered at altitude (Fraser, Eastman, Paul and Porlier, 1987). They may then shoot prematurely, resulting in the decrease in sighting time. It is speculated that subjects may feel that taking additional sighting time would not improve their accuracy. Another possibility may be that subject's time estimation is affected. Time may seem to pass more quickly than it actually does. Upon acclimatization to altitude, individuals took 8% longer (Acute Altitude Exposure 5.61 set vs Extended Altitude Exposure 6.06 set [means of rested and fatigue conditions combined]) to sight the target. The extra time apparently enables increased accuracy of shooting. Increased respiratory rate is among the physiological adaptations that occur with acute exposure to altitude, the faster the respiratory rate the more breaths that are missed during the breath-holding phase of aiming and pulling the trigger. This may increase discomfort associated with breath-holding and thereby decrease sighting time. While shooting at altitude, DCM, a measure of accuracy was 11% greater after exercise (4.01 cm) than for the rested condition (3.63 cm) [means of acute and extended altitude exposures combined]. Sighting time was not affected by fatiguing exercise. In contrast to the present results, Evans (1966) found accuracy was not affected by fatigue but firing latency was. Other previous findings proposed increased body sway after exercise as an explanation for reduced shooting accuracy of soldiers after a forced march (Knapik, Bahrke, Staab, Reynolds, Vogel and O'Connor, 1990), and biathletes after cross country skiing (Niinimaa and McAvoy, 1983). Increases in heart rate resulting from intense aerobic exercise also may impair shooting proficiency. Heart rate control by beta-blockers (Kruse, Ladefoged, Nielsen, Paulev, and Sorenson, 1986; Siitonen, Sonck and Janne, 1977) or biofeedback techniques (Daniels and Hatfield, 1981) are possible remedies. If military forces are to be prepared for deployment in a high terrestrial environment, it may be advantageous to have them training . routinely at high altitude. These results showed marksmanship accuracy returned to normal after two weeks residence at altitude. For events such as the biathlon and shooting competitions, athletes may benefit from both acclimation to altitude prior to competition and routine training at altitude. Daniels, F.S. & Hatfield, B. (1981). Biofeedback. Motor Skills: Theorv Into Practice 2, 69-72. Dusek, E.R. & Hansen, J.E. (1969). Biomedical study of military performance at high terrestrial elevation. Militarv Medicine, 134, 1497- 1507. Evans, W.O. (1966). Performance on a skilled task after physical work or in a high altitude environment. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 2, 371- 380.
___ .- _- .~- __--_.--~~ .--. --.- _ --.-- _ Fraser, W.D., Eastman, D.E., Paul, M.A., C Porlier, J.A.G. (1987). Decrement in postural control during mild hypobaric hypoxia. Aviation, Space and Environmental Medicine, 58, 768-772. Fulco, C.S. & Cymerman, A. (1988). Human performance and acute hypoxia. In Human Performance Phvsiolocy and Environmental Medicine at Terrestrial Extremes. KB Pandolf, MN Sawka, and RR Gonzalez (editors) Benchmark Press, INC. Indianapolis, IN, pp. 467-495. Knapik, J., Bahrke, M., Staab, J., Reynolds, K., Vogel, J., C O'Connor J. (1990). Frequency of loaded road march training and performance on a loaded road march. United States Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine Technical Report. T13-90, pp. 18-25. Kruse, P., Ladefoged, J., Nielsen, U., Paulev, P.E., C Sorenson, J.P. (1986). Beta-blockade used in precision sports: effect on pistol shooting performance. Journal of Anplied Phvsiolocv, 61, 417-420. Marlowe, B., Tharion, W., Harman, E., & Rauch, T. (1989). New computerized method for evaluating marksmanship from Weaponeer printouts. United States Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine Technical Report. T30-90. Niinimaa, V. & McAvoy, T. (1983). Influence of exercise on body sway in the standing rifle position. Canadian Journal of Applied SDort Science, 8, 30-33. Siitonen, L., Sonck, T., c Janne, J. (1977). Effect of beta-blockade on performance: use of beta-blockade in bowling and shooting competitions. Journal of <strong>International</strong> Medical Research, 2, 359-366. 413
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32nd ANNUAL CONFERENCE OF THE MILIT
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32nd Annual Conferenae of the Milit
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Registration (Continued) RMC M, McK
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TABLE OF CONTENTS 1990 CONFERENCE C
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305. 306. 307. 308. 309 * 310. 311.
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418. Not Presented. 419. HANSON, Ma
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502. Not Presented. 503. COLLINS, D
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804A. 804B. ao4c. 804D. 805. DOYLE,
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'I'li~; CANADIAN RESERVES: CURRENT
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of ‘;llC 1; e f-;
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easons, followed by social reasons
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Training to support these programs
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USAREC commanders in the field take
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lost; but asking for more quality,
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Background ETHNIC PARTKCIPATION IN
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Tahte 1 The Ten Largest Ethnic Grou
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or 25.6% of foreign horns, :Jero ac
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1990 ARMY CAREER SATISFACTION SURVE
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clashes, etc.). It may be that the
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espondents were so concerned about
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The Use of Artificial Neural Networ
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where: A = (A,, . . . . A,) , B = (
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In attempting to relate ASP score t
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Hispanics in Navy’s Blue-Collar C
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34.81 33.60 34.00 12.60 12.54 12.28
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Work-g;rouD comoosition. The averag
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1 . INTRODKTICi? DESCRIPTORS OF JOB
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c:- TORc OF JOB SPEr:aON RAm ON JOS
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2.1.5.4. Pcrcelitage of Persons Rxe
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----- DESCRIPTORS OF JOE SPECIALIZA
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coum? I 1.1 TIME SPECIALI7,TION, CO
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DESCRIPTORS OF JOR SPECIEJ,IZATIaN
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I ? 3 4 5 n 96 96 96 96 67 49 19 II
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ADDRESSING THE ISSUES OF “QUANTIT
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abilities for test development (Stu
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atings for the incumbents given in
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Psycholoqical Bulletin, 70(61, 534-
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quantitative comparison of the sort
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administrative occupations. The lea
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SUMMARY This exploratory study was
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--- These job descriptions were pri
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Table 2 below illustrates the degre
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However, the degree of agreement ob
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Tosunmmrize, informationgeneratedfr
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Change IIf If 1: 1; 0 tl t2 t3 t4 t
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Recammenaations Werecxararrendthat~
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The ORDB was designed and continues
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qualified resources to support cont
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acquisition. ASD/ALH made extensive
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A Suite of Advanced Interpretive As
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CORCAS - The CORCAS report characte
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Discussion The advanced analysis as
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From a technical point of view, the
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y attending schools, to meet the re
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Literature ------. .-- -.~---.. --
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organizational distribution of the
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in training cost savings, a reduced
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APPLICATION OF THE JOB ABILITY ASSE
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As already shown, rater reliability
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0 a 103 -t \~~.1~--l---1.1-~L-I I
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Table 1 Military Assignments in the
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Preference scores overall sample (N
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Region School’)North Center South
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Aptitude-Oriented Manpower Replacem
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The Psychologist’s Method of Prop
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Table 5: Study on Job Characteristi
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equired for an occupation (Ruck, 19
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For the weapon system design TDS ap
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knowledge-based model (equation 3)
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EVALUATION MODEL The evaluation sys
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and various other sources, we becam
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.--_-.-- .---- ----- -...- -._--_.-
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tally significant. Hotelling's T2 w
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able ancillary information which co
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and a contractor (Westinghouse) was
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‘A’ and what knowledge a typica
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Develop job oriented electricity th
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year career. Instead, CODAP provide
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2E 24 20 I@ 12 8 4 Figure 4 Mean Li
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using event history analysis, which
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increased student-instructor intera
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Exercise Performance Group II (inst
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etween CBT and research on teaching
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in baseline classes and 39 platoons
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--. ..____ s platoons. Team Chiefs,
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._ 50 - BASELINE TRAINING z . WEEK
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The scenario must be short, concise
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I PEACiTIME TAIKI I ,......_.,,....
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have involved complicated procedure
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I'd like to start with an brief ove
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~-~___-. -- ---- Brooks et al (1987
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BATTLE-TASIUBATTLEBOARD TRAINING AP
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4. Situational Awareness and the Mi
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examples then chaining the stages s
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I L THE PERSONNEL APPLIED RESEARCH
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Typically a commander's awareness o
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Table 1 Situational Awareness Items
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answers that precisely indicated th
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2. Identifying The Problem 2.1. Scr
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3.1.2. Problem Area: Handling Compl
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Analyzing User Interactions With In
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lesson templates. Intelligent lesso
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iteration of the evaluation study.
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MILITARY TWTING ASSOCIATION iYH) An
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DATA INPUT Two methods are provided
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10 WE 1ASI YlslRUc70n IS PROMPlED 1
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The linear model indicates that the
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Cost-Effectiveness of Home Study us
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- ---.. Eouinment, Procedure and Da
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Figure 1 shows the total course con
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(1) Determine criticality of the ob
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(4) Length of the material tested.
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(e) Average the total responses and
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-- ---. ----- --- --.._ _ .I-. I he
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On the POMS, two-way ANOVAs for rep
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Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 2
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. Stressors An anal.ysis was made o
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. The Test After a short demonstrat
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then by the principle of transitivi
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the order they were obtained. FoLLo
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a regression equation can be create
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--__-. -. _ the Army’s near-term
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however, would be to determine whet
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Development of a New Language Aptit
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e preferable to group languages int
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Implementation of Content Validity
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Air Force enlisted specialties. The
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clear reference support and accepta
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Barbara Jezior U.S. Army Natick Res
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Figure 2’s scatterplot shows the
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---.---- ---._. -.. \ ASVAB, Descri
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tests in a paper-and-pencil mode; t
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Corps MOSS will include: Motor Tran
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ASSESSMENT OF APTITUDE REQUIREMENTS
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I AFI’ITUDE ASSESSMENT TOOLS FOR
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Currently. most personnel psycholog
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Sample METHOD The sample consisted
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Table 1 Correlation Matrix of Predi
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performance criteria. Classificatio
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Variables Criteria. Two measures of
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Psychometric Properties of NOAE! Pr
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predicts MARS III training success,
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One-hundred and eighty of the most
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Table 2 presents the intercorrelati
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lower) than those of soldiers who r
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For each administration, the tests
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Table IV cont. EM-46 13 Paygrade 1
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Discussion This study failed to sho
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afterwards. The purpose of the curr
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consuming the carbohydrate. This st
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REFERENCES Banderet, L. E., Lieberm
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Virtually all life experiences are
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verified can reduce faking (Schrade
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Glennon, J. R., Albright, L. E., &
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to develop materials to the best le
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considerable time preparing for the
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REFERENCES Laabz., G. ~1.) &‘< Be
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Similarly, a number of vocational i
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tool wi th which tu begin acquaint
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PREDICTING PERFORMANCE WITR BIODATA
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analysis. For biodata items in whic
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Table 6 presents the results of the
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surveyed job incumbent is requested
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overall predictive efficiency, (i.e
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anged from 62% (908X0) to 89% (112X
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THE SURVEY INSTRUMENT The SKT Task
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C. Clusterine of Factor Profiles vs
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DJSCUSSION unit weighting at the E-
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The ODCSPER directed that a Physica
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Factor 1, For purposes of this pape
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Discussion Certain characteristics
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Instruments -.~--..-~---.- --... ._
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Overall, the results replicate the
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REFERENCES Hanson, M.A., Hallam, G.
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Sub jects---Twen ty medical researc
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In the second study, the response r
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SUBJECTIVE STATES QUESTIONNAIRE: PE
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each item on the SSQ was read to th
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I4 BI k3 ; 2 BASELINE WALK 1 FIG. 2
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Validity of Grade Point Average: Do
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elationships. The highest correlati
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College Selectivity Versus Educatio
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Introduction Flight Psychological S
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1) Demonstration Phase The control
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published in the “Wehtpsychologis
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Introduction Leadership in Aptitude
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A further objective was to produce
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his group, to insist on a short che
Page 379 and 380: ehavior will be invalid. This condi
Page 381 and 382: In the fire fighting system prevent
Page 383 and 384: . . . -.-- -.-I to their decision-m
Page 385 and 386: In the Federal Armed Forces, this c
Page 387 and 388: Evaluation of the counseling nroced
Page 389 and 390: TABLE 2. Ranking, Weighting, and Sc
Page 391 and 392: . EJectronlcs KnowledQg (Table A-3)
Page 393 and 394: 3. Further test the TAE approach on
Page 395 and 396: * PC.05 * * pc.01. *** pc.001. Corr
Page 397 and 398: Table 1 Subjects MOS Enlisted Job N
Page 399 and 400: Table 3 Proportion of Criterion Var
Page 401 and 402: some ASVAB and Project A predictors
Page 403 and 404: the higher-scoring examinees will a
Page 405 and 406: Table 2 Correlation Coefficients of
Page 407 and 408: -~ . -______ -__--..- REFERENCES La
Page 409 and 410: REFERENCES Lawshe, C. H. (1975). A
Page 411 and 412: ubjects in each analysis may differ
Page 413 and 414: -.- -. -.-- -. The Minnelrota Multi
Page 415 and 416: the scales based on character of se
Page 417 and 418: school diploma graduates (10,6%, 14
Page 419 and 420: criterion.(-.09). Variabk? Table 2
Page 421 and 422: Laurence, J. H., & Gribben, M. A. (
Page 423 and 424: Subjects were al lowed to use the a
Page 425 and 426: -- I
Page 427 and 428: -~-- -___- - Subjects Sixteen soldi
Page 429: The effects of both altitude exposu
Page 433 and 434: factors from both enemy and friendl
Page 435 and 436: Using those systems tasks which are
Page 437 and 438: 'L'KADLNC; OE'k' PEKFOKMANCE, TKAlN
Page 439 and 440: PPOPORTI ON OF PEOPLE 04 .T.# - 90
Page 441 and 442: which is a check oE logical necessi
Page 443 and 444: FINAL REPORT, COMPUTER ASSISTED GUI
Page 445 and 446: ___-. ----- ..~._ ~. ----~--..---.-
Page 447 and 448: As a further measure of the effecti
Page 449 and 450: 5. Training is essential to the suc
Page 451 and 452: Post Selection Board Analysis Post-
Page 453 and 454: -- higher. The second approach was
Page 455 and 456: Figure 1. Lowest Break in Vertical
Page 457 and 458: THE USE OF INCENTIVES IN LIGHT INFA
Page 459 and 460: %5 (+ 40- ‘-J 3 o- Lt) 2 o- 1 3-
Page 461 and 462: otation, and 6) general job motivat
Page 463 and 464: COHESION IN CONTEXT Guy L. Siebold
Page 465 and 466: een used in prior research and thus
Page 467 and 468: -_._____ __ _.._^.._ _.. _.^ _-- wa
Page 469 and 470: EVALUATION OF THE ARMY’S FINANCE
Page 471 and 472: The three critical issues were form
Page 473 and 474: . operational capability was valida
Page 475 and 476: (c) Take-home package observations
Page 477 and 478: Figure 1. . INHIBITORS OF INITIATIV
Page 479 and 480: STARTING A TQM PROGRAM IN AN R&D OR
Page 481 and 482:
are used to examine the processes a
Page 483 and 484:
Management must listen, but also le
Page 485 and 486:
32nd Conference of the Miiitarv Tes
Page 487 and 488:
e. Ceployability research On severa
Page 489 and 490:
--- --- We estimate that 25% of all
Page 491 and 492:
e. Furthermore, I have been c:omman
Page 493 and 494:
Acceptance of Change An Empirical T
Page 495 and 496:
supervisor-subordinate relations, m
Page 497 and 498:
I_- __-- ____-._ -.- -- -.. .-.----
Page 499 and 500:
TWEEDDALE, J. W. (Chair), Chief of
Page 501 and 502:
____ _.... ___----- .._._ - ___.I.-
Page 503 and 504:
i I I Scholarship: Quality of learn
Page 505 and 506:
--- -_ ------__ -_-._-_--.-_.--- -_
Page 507 and 508:
I were dcrivcd lo optimally prcdicl
Page 509 and 510:
2. While the academically oriented
Page 511 and 512:
Accordingly, the NROTC selection in
Page 513 and 514:
the behavioral statements for guidi
Page 515 and 516:
- .__ the new interview is criterio
Page 517 and 518:
iors, these items are more likely t
Page 519 and 520:
Comuarison with “Honest” Sample
Page 521 and 522:
Conclusions The final experimental
Page 523 and 524:
THE INVESTIGATIVE INTERVIEW> A REVI
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7B---.-- -- rapport with the subjec
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staff concluded that inclusion of t
Page 529 and 530:
Backaround Each of the military ser
Page 531 and 532:
Empirical Scorinq Key Prescreening
Page 533 and 534:
The base rate for applicants who re
Page 535 and 536:
installations were visited to obtai
Page 537 and 538:
Obstacles in Maintainina an Effecti
Page 539 and 540:
Installation security managers also
Page 541 and 542:
The goal for the CVAL system was to
Page 543 and 544:
Based on the feedback received from
Page 545 and 546:
(1) The keynote in interpreting the
Page 547 and 548:
NAVY ': HANDS-ON AND KNOWLEDGE TEST
Page 549 and 550:
The general knowledge test consiste
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I Table 4 Correlations Between Writ
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1 Interrater Reliability as an Indi
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might influence task performance. T
Page 557 and 558:
Figure 2 shows temporal effects at
Page 559 and 560:
ARMY: JOB PERFORMANCE MEASURES FOR
Page 561 and 562:
for MOS-specific tasks, as the perc
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Table 3 shows the intercorrelations
Page 565 and 566:
The USAF Occupational Measurement S
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In addition to SKTs and PFEs, USAFO
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only for the first job, as well as
Page 571 and 572:
The Examirler is a sopilisticated c
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The Examiner Multiple Choice Multip
Page 575 and 576:
Paner and Pencil Testing The Examin
Page 577 and 578:
The Exanliwr is ii sopllis[ic;l(etj
Page 579 and 580:
(c) The Coast Guard will host the 1
Page 581 and 582:
ORGANIZATION ROYAL WSTRALIAR AIR FO
Page 583 and 584:
ORGANIZATION 1990 REPRESENTATIVE RO
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ORGANIZATION NAVAL HILITARY PERSONN
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C. Non-Member Participants. 1. Non-
Page 589 and 590:
committee members shall serve in th
Page 591 and 592:
CDR Mary Adams Naval Education and
Page 593 and 594:
Jack R. Dempsey Human Resources Res
Page 595 and 596:
c _.. -. _ ..-___ Mr. G. J. (Jeff)
Page 597 and 598:
Deborah L. McCormick Chief,of Naval
Page 599 and 600:
COL Terry J. Procluk Director of Pe
Page 601 and 602:
Paul P. Stanley.11 USAFOMC/OMD Rand
Page 603 and 604:
Abrahams, N. M., 486 Albert, W, G.,
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