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DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A STRUCTURED INTERVIEW PROGRAM FOR NROTC SELECTION Walter C. Borman University of South Florida and Personnel Decisions Research Institutes, Inc. and Cynthia K. Owens-Kurt2 and Teresa L. Russell Personnel Decisions Research Institutes, Inc. The Navy Reserve Officer Training Corps (NROTC) is one of the majc-: sources of Navy and Marine Corps officers. Presently, 40,000 young men 3.!: ' women apply for a 4-year NROTC scholarship each year. Approximately 40% (:f this total pass an ,initial screen based on college board scores (minim:ca 430 verbal and 520 math on SAT or equivalent ACT scores), proper age (between 17 and 21 when school,starfs, and no more than 25 at estimated time of college graduation), and, acceptable progress through high school. Those passing the screen (called Board Eligibles) are required to complete an application blank and to interview with a Naval officer, typically at one of the 43 recruiting.district headquarters. The focus of this paper ir on this officer interview. As conducted, previously, an officer interviewed each Board Eligible applicant, usually for 15-4-O minutes depending upon the personal style (-;f the interviewer and on the interview load (i.e., the number of NROTC Bo~I:'~; Eligibles that must be interviewed that day). Interviews were unstructuj-: in that interviewers were free to ask any questions they believed were relevant. After completion of the interview, the interviewer completed .? brie,f rating form. Experience with the previous NROTC interview showed that ratings wereoften at or near the top (most effective) end. For example, the mean rating on the Overall Potential scale for Board Eligibles in the most recent class for which data were available (class entering NROTC 1985) L:,:!:, 4.68 on the 5-point scale. Further, when interview ratings (on the Potential scale) were correlated with the NROTC performance criteria, gra.i: point average (GPA), Naval science grades (NSG), and an aptitude rating (APT) , results were near zero (Owens-Kurtz, Borman, Gialluca, Abrahams, & Mattson, 1988). Finally, the effective weights for the interview when USC? along with SAT scores, high school rank, and SCII/BQ scores in regression analyses against these criteria were very low for GPA and NSG and only the third highest contributor to pyedic tion of APT (Owens-Kurt2 et al., 19ZSj. --------___-a--------m-w-------- This research was supported by funds from the office of Naval Technolo9:; Program Element 0602233N. The opinions expressed are those of the authcrc; and do not necessarily reflect those of the U. S. Mavy. 492
Accordingly, the NROTC selection interview program appeared to need improvement. The ratings on the intewiew form showed little differentiation between applicants, and the validity of the interview ratings was low. One plausible reason for problems with this interview is its unstructured format. Reviews of the employment interview (Arvey & Campig: 1982; Schmitt, 1976) indicate that structured interviews generally provid! more valid prediction of performance than do unstructured interviews. A recent meta-analysis found a .35 mean uncorrected validity coefficient fo: structuied interviews, whereas unstructured interviews had a mean uncorrected validity of .11 for the studies included in the analysis (Cronshaw & Wiesner, 1989). It is possible that a structured interview fc NROTC selection might improve the interview's validity for identifying applicants likely to succeed in the NROTC program. This paper first describes development of the structured interview materials and then an evaluation of interview ratings made during pilot tests of these materials. METHOD Identifyinq Tarqet Predictor Constructs The first step in developing a structured interview protocol was t
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32nd ANNUAL CONFERENCE OF THE MILIT
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32nd Annual Conferenae of the Milit
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Registration (Continued) RMC M, McK
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TABLE OF CONTENTS 1990 CONFERENCE C
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305. 306. 307. 308. 309 * 310. 311.
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418. Not Presented. 419. HANSON, Ma
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502. Not Presented. 503. COLLINS, D
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804A. 804B. ao4c. 804D. 805. DOYLE,
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'I'li~; CANADIAN RESERVES: CURRENT
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of ‘;llC 1; e f-;
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easons, followed by social reasons
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Training to support these programs
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USAREC commanders in the field take
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lost; but asking for more quality,
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Background ETHNIC PARTKCIPATION IN
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Tahte 1 The Ten Largest Ethnic Grou
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or 25.6% of foreign horns, :Jero ac
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1990 ARMY CAREER SATISFACTION SURVE
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clashes, etc.). It may be that the
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espondents were so concerned about
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The Use of Artificial Neural Networ
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where: A = (A,, . . . . A,) , B = (
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In attempting to relate ASP score t
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Hispanics in Navy’s Blue-Collar C
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34.81 33.60 34.00 12.60 12.54 12.28
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Work-g;rouD comoosition. The averag
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1 . INTRODKTICi? DESCRIPTORS OF JOB
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c:- TORc OF JOB SPEr:aON RAm ON JOS
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2.1.5.4. Pcrcelitage of Persons Rxe
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----- DESCRIPTORS OF JOE SPECIALIZA
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coum? I 1.1 TIME SPECIALI7,TION, CO
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DESCRIPTORS OF JOR SPECIEJ,IZATIaN
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I ? 3 4 5 n 96 96 96 96 67 49 19 II
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ADDRESSING THE ISSUES OF “QUANTIT
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abilities for test development (Stu
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atings for the incumbents given in
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Psycholoqical Bulletin, 70(61, 534-
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quantitative comparison of the sort
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administrative occupations. The lea
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SUMMARY This exploratory study was
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--- These job descriptions were pri
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Table 2 below illustrates the degre
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However, the degree of agreement ob
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Tosunmmrize, informationgeneratedfr
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Change IIf If 1: 1; 0 tl t2 t3 t4 t
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Recammenaations Werecxararrendthat~
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The ORDB was designed and continues
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qualified resources to support cont
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acquisition. ASD/ALH made extensive
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A Suite of Advanced Interpretive As
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CORCAS - The CORCAS report characte
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Discussion The advanced analysis as
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From a technical point of view, the
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y attending schools, to meet the re
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Literature ------. .-- -.~---.. --
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organizational distribution of the
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in training cost savings, a reduced
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APPLICATION OF THE JOB ABILITY ASSE
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As already shown, rater reliability
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0 a 103 -t \~~.1~--l---1.1-~L-I I
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Table 1 Military Assignments in the
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Preference scores overall sample (N
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Region School’)North Center South
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Aptitude-Oriented Manpower Replacem
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The Psychologist’s Method of Prop
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Table 5: Study on Job Characteristi
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equired for an occupation (Ruck, 19
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For the weapon system design TDS ap
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knowledge-based model (equation 3)
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EVALUATION MODEL The evaluation sys
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and various other sources, we becam
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.--_-.-- .---- ----- -...- -._--_.-
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tally significant. Hotelling's T2 w
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able ancillary information which co
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and a contractor (Westinghouse) was
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‘A’ and what knowledge a typica
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Develop job oriented electricity th
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year career. Instead, CODAP provide
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2E 24 20 I@ 12 8 4 Figure 4 Mean Li
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using event history analysis, which
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increased student-instructor intera
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Exercise Performance Group II (inst
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etween CBT and research on teaching
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in baseline classes and 39 platoons
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--. ..____ s platoons. Team Chiefs,
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._ 50 - BASELINE TRAINING z . WEEK
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The scenario must be short, concise
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I PEACiTIME TAIKI I ,......_.,,....
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have involved complicated procedure
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I'd like to start with an brief ove
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~-~___-. -- ---- Brooks et al (1987
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BATTLE-TASIUBATTLEBOARD TRAINING AP
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4. Situational Awareness and the Mi
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examples then chaining the stages s
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I L THE PERSONNEL APPLIED RESEARCH
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Typically a commander's awareness o
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Table 1 Situational Awareness Items
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answers that precisely indicated th
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2. Identifying The Problem 2.1. Scr
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3.1.2. Problem Area: Handling Compl
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Analyzing User Interactions With In
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lesson templates. Intelligent lesso
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iteration of the evaluation study.
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MILITARY TWTING ASSOCIATION iYH) An
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DATA INPUT Two methods are provided
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10 WE 1ASI YlslRUc70n IS PROMPlED 1
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The linear model indicates that the
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Cost-Effectiveness of Home Study us
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- ---.. Eouinment, Procedure and Da
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Figure 1 shows the total course con
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(1) Determine criticality of the ob
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(4) Length of the material tested.
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(e) Average the total responses and
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-- ---. ----- --- --.._ _ .I-. I he
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On the POMS, two-way ANOVAs for rep
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Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 2
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. Stressors An anal.ysis was made o
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. The Test After a short demonstrat
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then by the principle of transitivi
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the order they were obtained. FoLLo
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a regression equation can be create
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--__-. -. _ the Army’s near-term
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however, would be to determine whet
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Development of a New Language Aptit
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e preferable to group languages int
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Implementation of Content Validity
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Air Force enlisted specialties. The
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clear reference support and accepta
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Barbara Jezior U.S. Army Natick Res
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Figure 2’s scatterplot shows the
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---.---- ---._. -.. \ ASVAB, Descri
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tests in a paper-and-pencil mode; t
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Corps MOSS will include: Motor Tran
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ASSESSMENT OF APTITUDE REQUIREMENTS
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I AFI’ITUDE ASSESSMENT TOOLS FOR
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Currently. most personnel psycholog
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Sample METHOD The sample consisted
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Table 1 Correlation Matrix of Predi
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performance criteria. Classificatio
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Variables Criteria. Two measures of
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Psychometric Properties of NOAE! Pr
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predicts MARS III training success,
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One-hundred and eighty of the most
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Table 2 presents the intercorrelati
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lower) than those of soldiers who r
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For each administration, the tests
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Table IV cont. EM-46 13 Paygrade 1
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Discussion This study failed to sho
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afterwards. The purpose of the curr
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consuming the carbohydrate. This st
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REFERENCES Banderet, L. E., Lieberm
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Virtually all life experiences are
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verified can reduce faking (Schrade
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Glennon, J. R., Albright, L. E., &
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to develop materials to the best le
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considerable time preparing for the
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REFERENCES Laabz., G. ~1.) &‘< Be
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Similarly, a number of vocational i
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tool wi th which tu begin acquaint
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PREDICTING PERFORMANCE WITR BIODATA
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analysis. For biodata items in whic
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Table 6 presents the results of the
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surveyed job incumbent is requested
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overall predictive efficiency, (i.e
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anged from 62% (908X0) to 89% (112X
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THE SURVEY INSTRUMENT The SKT Task
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C. Clusterine of Factor Profiles vs
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DJSCUSSION unit weighting at the E-
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The ODCSPER directed that a Physica
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Factor 1, For purposes of this pape
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Discussion Certain characteristics
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Instruments -.~--..-~---.- --... ._
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Overall, the results replicate the
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REFERENCES Hanson, M.A., Hallam, G.
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Sub jects---Twen ty medical researc
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In the second study, the response r
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SUBJECTIVE STATES QUESTIONNAIRE: PE
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each item on the SSQ was read to th
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I4 BI k3 ; 2 BASELINE WALK 1 FIG. 2
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Validity of Grade Point Average: Do
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elationships. The highest correlati
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College Selectivity Versus Educatio
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Introduction Flight Psychological S
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1) Demonstration Phase The control
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published in the “Wehtpsychologis
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Introduction Leadership in Aptitude
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A further objective was to produce
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his group, to insist on a short che
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ehavior will be invalid. This condi
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In the fire fighting system prevent
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. . . -.-- -.-I to their decision-m
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In the Federal Armed Forces, this c
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Evaluation of the counseling nroced
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TABLE 2. Ranking, Weighting, and Sc
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. EJectronlcs KnowledQg (Table A-3)
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3. Further test the TAE approach on
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* PC.05 * * pc.01. *** pc.001. Corr
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Table 1 Subjects MOS Enlisted Job N
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Table 3 Proportion of Criterion Var
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some ASVAB and Project A predictors
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the higher-scoring examinees will a
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Table 2 Correlation Coefficients of
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-~ . -______ -__--..- REFERENCES La
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REFERENCES Lawshe, C. H. (1975). A
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ubjects in each analysis may differ
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-.- -. -.-- -. The Minnelrota Multi
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the scales based on character of se
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school diploma graduates (10,6%, 14
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criterion.(-.09). Variabk? Table 2
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Laurence, J. H., & Gribben, M. A. (
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Subjects were al lowed to use the a
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-- I
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-~-- -___- - Subjects Sixteen soldi
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The effects of both altitude exposu
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___ .- _- .~- __--_.--~~ .--. --.-
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factors from both enemy and friendl
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Using those systems tasks which are
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'L'KADLNC; OE'k' PEKFOKMANCE, TKAlN
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PPOPORTI ON OF PEOPLE 04 .T.# - 90
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which is a check oE logical necessi
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FINAL REPORT, COMPUTER ASSISTED GUI
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___-. ----- ..~._ ~. ----~--..---.-
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As a further measure of the effecti
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5. Training is essential to the suc
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Post Selection Board Analysis Post-
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-- higher. The second approach was
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Figure 1. Lowest Break in Vertical
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THE USE OF INCENTIVES IN LIGHT INFA
Page 459 and 460: %5 (+ 40- ‘-J 3 o- Lt) 2 o- 1 3-
Page 461 and 462: otation, and 6) general job motivat
Page 463 and 464: COHESION IN CONTEXT Guy L. Siebold
Page 465 and 466: een used in prior research and thus
Page 467 and 468: -_._____ __ _.._^.._ _.. _.^ _-- wa
Page 469 and 470: EVALUATION OF THE ARMY’S FINANCE
Page 471 and 472: The three critical issues were form
Page 473 and 474: . operational capability was valida
Page 475 and 476: (c) Take-home package observations
Page 477 and 478: Figure 1. . INHIBITORS OF INITIATIV
Page 479 and 480: STARTING A TQM PROGRAM IN AN R&D OR
Page 481 and 482: are used to examine the processes a
Page 483 and 484: Management must listen, but also le
Page 485 and 486: 32nd Conference of the Miiitarv Tes
Page 487 and 488: e. Ceployability research On severa
Page 489 and 490: --- --- We estimate that 25% of all
Page 491 and 492: e. Furthermore, I have been c:omman
Page 493 and 494: Acceptance of Change An Empirical T
Page 495 and 496: supervisor-subordinate relations, m
Page 497 and 498: I_- __-- ____-._ -.- -- -.. .-.----
Page 499 and 500: TWEEDDALE, J. W. (Chair), Chief of
Page 501 and 502: ____ _.... ___----- .._._ - ___.I.-
Page 503 and 504: i I I Scholarship: Quality of learn
Page 505 and 506: --- -_ ------__ -_-._-_--.-_.--- -_
Page 507 and 508: I were dcrivcd lo optimally prcdicl
Page 509: 2. While the academically oriented
Page 513 and 514: the behavioral statements for guidi
Page 515 and 516: - .__ the new interview is criterio
Page 517 and 518: iors, these items are more likely t
Page 519 and 520: Comuarison with “Honest” Sample
Page 521 and 522: Conclusions The final experimental
Page 523 and 524: THE INVESTIGATIVE INTERVIEW> A REVI
Page 525 and 526: 7B---.-- -- rapport with the subjec
Page 527 and 528: staff concluded that inclusion of t
Page 529 and 530: Backaround Each of the military ser
Page 531 and 532: Empirical Scorinq Key Prescreening
Page 533 and 534: The base rate for applicants who re
Page 535 and 536: installations were visited to obtai
Page 537 and 538: Obstacles in Maintainina an Effecti
Page 539 and 540: Installation security managers also
Page 541 and 542: The goal for the CVAL system was to
Page 543 and 544: Based on the feedback received from
Page 545 and 546: (1) The keynote in interpreting the
Page 547 and 548: NAVY ': HANDS-ON AND KNOWLEDGE TEST
Page 549 and 550: The general knowledge test consiste
Page 551 and 552: I Table 4 Correlations Between Writ
Page 553 and 554: 1 Interrater Reliability as an Indi
Page 555 and 556: might influence task performance. T
Page 557 and 558: Figure 2 shows temporal effects at
Page 559 and 560: ARMY: JOB PERFORMANCE MEASURES FOR
Page 561 and 562:
for MOS-specific tasks, as the perc
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Table 3 shows the intercorrelations
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The USAF Occupational Measurement S
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In addition to SKTs and PFEs, USAFO
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only for the first job, as well as
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The Examirler is a sopilisticated c
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The Examiner Multiple Choice Multip
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Paner and Pencil Testing The Examin
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The Exanliwr is ii sopllis[ic;l(etj
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(c) The Coast Guard will host the 1
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ORGANIZATION ROYAL WSTRALIAR AIR FO
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ORGANIZATION 1990 REPRESENTATIVE RO
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ORGANIZATION NAVAL HILITARY PERSONN
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C. Non-Member Participants. 1. Non-
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committee members shall serve in th
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CDR Mary Adams Naval Education and
Page 593 and 594:
Jack R. Dempsey Human Resources Res
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c _.. -. _ ..-___ Mr. G. J. (Jeff)
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Deborah L. McCormick Chief,of Naval
Page 599 and 600:
COL Terry J. Procluk Director of Pe
Page 601 and 602:
Paul P. Stanley.11 USAFOMC/OMD Rand
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Abrahams, N. M., 486 Albert, W, G.,
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