I__. - International Military Testing Association

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methods and nonverbal communication techniques (e.g., kinesics, proxemics). The interview,
which may be conducted using a variety of formats (e.g., structured, semi-structured,
unstructured), typically covers topics such as honesty, substance abuse, emotional stability, and
financial irresponsibility. This interview information is then summarized in narrative or rating
form, and combined with other information about the subject (e.g., from self-report background
questionnaires, local and national agency checks, credit checks). Senior adjudicators then make
final screening decisions.
Current Investigative Interview Practice
Ten senior officials from five government organizations [Defense Investigative Service
(DIS), the Office of Personnel Management (OPM), the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI),
the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), and the Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA)] were
interviewed to obtain detailed information regarding current investigative interviewing practice
for individuals being considered for Top Secret personnel security clearances. Each interview
lasted 1 to 3 hours. A composite description of the major features of both subject and nonsubject
investigative interviews is presented below.
Preparation
Overall, the interview procedures followed by these agencies are remarkably similar in
many respects. The interviewer generally prepares for the interview by reviewing available
background information about the subject for missing, discrepant, and issue-oriented
information. From this background information, specific interview questions are developed.
Setting
Subject and non-subject interviews are often conducted in different settings. Subject
interviews are usually conducted in a government office setting, whereas non-subject interviews
are less likely to be held in an office. In both types of interviews, privacy and freedom from
distractions are the principaI requirements for the interview setting.
Conduct
Guidelines for interviewer conduct are similar across agencies. These guidelines include
acting in a professional mann,er, dressing in a businesslike manner, and being courteous,
respectful, and non-judgmental.
Format
The investigative interview is conducted in four phases: introduction, background form
review, issue development, and conclusion. Each phase is different in content and tone. The
entire subject interview typically takes from one half to one hour in length.
Introduction. During the introduction, the interviewer usually (although not always)
shows credentials and positively identifies the subject. In this phase, the interviewer develops
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