Повний текст - Інститут проблем сучасного мистецтва

Olexiy RogotchenkoSoviet state. It suppressed the creators who were unwilling to support it andfavored those who recognized it. It should be still mentioned that the dominantof the socialist realism discovered a number of talented creators who, adhering tothe forced alternative, tried to produce real masterpieces.The present art science distinguishes the three periods of the socialist realismdevelopment — 1930–1940, 1945–1960 and 1960-end 1980. Each period hada double view upon the issue — the official and unofficial. There appeared moreopinions after the democracy’s victory. Our art experts used to refer to the worksof the national scientists until the times of the so-called «perestroika» (reformation).At present, famous foreign philosophers and researchers are attending tothe issues of the socialist realism in the USSR. They study the socialist realism asa unique example of art development in the totalitarian states. Adhering to therules of art ethics, we would try to use the views of the scientists of the differentperiods of the Soviet state and the present opinions. In order to confirm thephilosophic or art doctrine of the Soviet time, it is enough to quote any literatureof a Soviet republic as the party instructions provided in Moscow had to be duplicatedand followed at the local level.The key feature of the socialist realism was Party spirit that turned thecreative style into the political method.The first fighters against the socialistic realism were Proletcults (proletarianculture organization) which were trying to introduce new independent cultureand art. V. Lenin headed the struggle against the Proletcults. The Soviet regimefollowed the policy that should always have an image of an enemy. As a rule, theenemy showed up but immediately disappeared after the intrusion of theCommunist party. From time to time, the victory of the Communist party shouldtake place in the political and art life. The Party leadership was necessary to begrounded on the scientific basis. It was Maksim Gorkiy who would have clearlysaid about the victory of the new art style: «In what do I see the victory of thecommunism at the congress of writers? It is in the fact that those who consideredthemselves to be non-party men have recognized the communism as the onlyguiding idea in the art and painting». Depiction of a character in the socialist realismalways requires the explanation why this very object has been put on thecanvas. Thus, there appears additional attributes that speak of the painting as ofthe one being useful and instructive, or useless and unnecessary. The latter usedto include portrait and landscape. Thus, the programmed art had desirable and582