iberiul-kavkasiuri enaTmecniereba XXXIX
iberiul-kavkasiuri enaTmecniereba XXXIX
iberiul-kavkasiuri enaTmecniereba XXXIX
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T. maxarobliZe 131<br />
magaliTad, zogadad `suni~ abstraqtulia, magram iasamnis suni<br />
konkretulia, mas Tavisi bioqimiac aqvs da ynosvis orgamoebiT xdeba<br />
misi aRqma. aseve abstraqtulia cneba `feri~ da mxolod konkretuli<br />
xilvadi (raRacis) feri aris konkretuli.<br />
arsebiTi saxelebis abstraqtuli da konkretuli jgufebis gamoyofa<br />
SeiZleba gradaciuli tipisac iyos. SesaZlebelia konkretulobis<br />
(an abstraqtulobis) gradaciis cxrilebis Sedgena konkretulobis an<br />
abstraqtulobis xarisxis mixedviT. magaliTad, rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT,<br />
`cxvari~ ufro konkretulia vidre `fara~. gradaciuli klasifikacia<br />
imadroulad gansazRvravs sagnis konkretulobis niSnebsac. yvelaze<br />
maRali konkretulobis xarisxi eqneba saxelebs, romlebic aRniSnaven<br />
myar nivTebs. es iqneba arsebiTi saxelebi, romelTac nivTieri saxe<br />
aqvs da imavdroulad Sexebac SeiZleba. saerTod, rac meti grZnobis<br />
organoebiT aris SesaZlebeli sagnis aRqma, miT ufro meti konkretulobis<br />
xarisxi eqneba sagans. magaliTad, `cxvari~ TiTqmis xuTive<br />
grZnobis organoTi SegviZlia aRviqvaT (Tumca, cxadia, cocxal cxvars<br />
gemos aravin usinjavs, magram mainc aqvs Tavisi gemo da es mgelmac<br />
icis.) sxva saxeli, magaliTad, haeri SedarebiT naklebi konkretulobiT<br />
xasiaTdeba, radganac xilvadi nivTieri saxe ar gaaCnia. rac ufro<br />
naklebi grZnobis organoebiTaa SesaZlebeli nivTis (sagnis) aRqma, miT<br />
ufro dabalia am arsebiTi saxelis konkretulobis xarisxi.<br />
garkveuli TvalsazrisiT, konkretulobis gansazRvris erT-erT parametrad<br />
Tvladoba SeiZleba miviCnioT, magram es ver iqneba srulyofili,<br />
ramdenadac SeiZleba absatraqtuli saxelebi raodenobiT ricxviT<br />
saxelebTan erTadac Segvxvdes winadadebaSi, anu Tvladi iyos abstraqtuli<br />
saxeli, magaliTad: `ori ocneba maqvs~, an `erTi problema<br />
gaCnda~, an `ori azris arqona~ da a.S.<br />
universaluri iqneboda aseve absatraqtuli da konkretuli arsebiTi<br />
saxelebis semantikuri klasifikacia. magaliTad, abstraqtuli saxelebi<br />
SegviZlia sam jgufad davyoT:<br />
1. pozitiuri maxasiaTeblebiT (Tavdadeba, erTguleba, ndoba, mamacoba,<br />
megobroba, sixaruli, siTamame, sikeTe, madli da sxv.),<br />
2. negatiuri maxasiaTeblebiT (Ralati, sizarmace, ampartavneba,<br />
sicruve, Tavxedoba, mtroba, Suri, umaduroba da sxv),<br />
3. neitraluri maxasiaTeblebiT ( fiqri, axalgazrdoba, mogoneba,<br />
viTareba, cneba da sxva).<br />
aseTi tipis klasifikacia SegviZlia antonimuri an sinonimuri<br />
formebiT gavamdidroT da SevqmnaT abstraqtul saxelTa antonimuri<br />
da sinonimuri semantikuri cxrilebi. vfiqrobT, interess moklebuli
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