iberiul-kavkasiuri enaTmecniereba XXXIX

176
m. suxiSvili
jorbenaZe 1975 _ b. jorbenaZe, zmnis gvaris formaTa warmoebisa
da funqciis sakiTxebi qarTulSi, Tsu gamomcemloba, Tbilisi.
jorbenaZe 1983 _ b. jorbenaZe, zmnis xmovanprefiqsuli warmoeba
qarTulSi, Tbilisi.
MURMAN SUKHISHVILI
Passive and Reciprocal Semantic of Intransitive Verbs
with the e- Prefix
S u m m a r y
Bipersonal intransitive verbs with the e- prefix are polysemantic in Georgian.
According to meaning they are divided in two basic groups:
1. Verbs containing passive meaning:
e.g. e-c'ereba is mas (He/she/it is being written for him/her/it)
e-zrdeba is mas (He/she/it is growing for him/her/it)
2. Active verbs containing reciprocal contents. Plural form is an indicator of the
reciprocal contents:
e.g. e-lap'arak'eba is mas (He/she is talking with him/her)
Plur. e-lap'arak'ebian isini ertmanets (They are talking with each other)
e-čxubeba is mas (He/she is quarreling with him/her)
Plur. e-čxubebian isini ertmanets (They are quarrelling with each other)
For displaying the passive meaning of a verb, dictionaries provide an explanation
of the bipersonal forms with the e- prefix as follows:
a) monopersonal passive verb with the i- prefix of the same stem + possessive
pronoun in the third person, misi (his/her/its);
b) active verb with an indefinite subject in the plural:
e-zrdeba is mas (He/she/it is growing for him/her/it) – i-zrdeba misi (His/her/its
(hair) is growing); uzrdian (He/she/it is growing for them in general).
Semantic differences occurring in these two basic groups of the identical model
derive from different grammatical relations:
Bipersonal passive verbs with the e- prefix have their opposition forms, i.e.
monopersonal passive verbs with the i- prefix. But opposition forms of reciprocal active
verbs with the e- prefix are monopersonal medial verbs with the same reciprocal
meaning:
e-lap'arak'eba is mas (He is talking with him)
Plur. e-lap'arak'ebian isini ertmanets (They are talking with each other)
lap'arak'obs is mastan (He talks with him)
Plur. lap'arak'oben ertmanettan (They talk with each other)
Reciprocal meaning is expressed by attaching reciprocal pronoun ertmaneti (each
other) in the dative case to the opposition forms in the plural. The reciprocal pronoun
ertmaneti is used both with and without postpositions: with -tan (with) or -ši (in)
postpositions it is added to medial monopersonal verbs, but bipersonal verbs attach it
without postposition.