iberiul-kavkasiuri enaTmecniereba XXXIX

194
T. uTurgaiZe
TEDO UTURGAIDZE
Towards the Grammatical Value of O dp {en} (/-en/~/-n/) and
O dp {-t} (/-t/~/-/) Suffixes having Identific Suffixes
S u m m a r y
Using of -en and -t suffixes as a marker of O dp in Georgian is chronologically
different: -en is of first period of Old and Middle Georgian, -t – is of late period of
Middle (about since the 16 th c.) and New Georgian. This suffix occurs in II and III
series of Old Georgian in the form of -en -n allomorphs. In III series the function is
changed and it is became as a pleonastic element; e. g.: in II Perfect along with a III
person subject and plural -es suffix -n expresses the plurality of the same person
(damemal-n-es me igini).
III series is of resultative series, where pointing to the result of action is essential.
That actant which represents a result, gains a status of subject like in static verbs, which
are resultatives by nature (e. g.: miyirav-s me igi). An analogous situation occurs in
passives with conversive i-/e- prefixes of actives ("sayuryleni gasces, a i v s n e s
l a S q a r n i saboZvariTa") ("The knight in the panther's skin", 32b, 4). Here an action
is shown by an aspect of patience ("laSqarni"), demonstrator of an action's result and a
subject (S3 p ) marker (-es) belongs to it. Here -n suffix is pleonastic and additionally
expresses the plurality of S3 p .
A suffix -en which historically expressed III subject person and its plurality, a
language used as a marker of a direct object, as well (Arn. Chikobava). An analogous
situation occurs in western dialects of Georgian and Megrelian.
In a verb -en moved from the forms of nouns plural (N. Marr, Arn. Chikobava).
The paper expresses an assumption, that on pre-Old Georgian chronological stage
in verbs' forms the plurality of marked actant. Relation of the actants with -eb suffixes
with verbs in old Georgian is considered to be supported. On that chronological stage
plurality in verbs' personal forms was expressed by marked actants connected with
them by own plural forms, that then on the following stage was finished by marking
their plurality in verbs' forms.
An analogous formation of reconstructed old situation is shown in the modern
Tsova-Tushian forms.
In modern Georgian an old -en (O d p) was changed by -t suffix, at the same time it
expresses the plurality of three marked actants (S, O d , Oind) that resulted a zero
allomorph of -t, when a subject and any object is simultaneously in plural: ("Cven
dagxate-T-Ø Tqven"); cf.: "Cven dagxate-T Sen" and "me dagxate-T Tqven"...
In archaic dialects there occurred mixed forms, in which O dp is marked by old and
modern markers. In Tushian and Khevsurian it is characteristic: "me dagxat-en-T
Tqven", "iman dagxat-n-a-T Tqven", "imaT dagxat-n-es-T Tqven"; cf.: Old Georgian "me
dagxat-en Tquen", "man dagxat-n-a Tquen" and "maT dagxat-n-es Tquen" and New
Georgian "me dagxate-T Tqven"; "man dagxata-T Tqven", "maT dagxat-es Tqven"...