Maart 2013: jaargang 10, nommer 1 - LitNet

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LitNet Akademies Jaargang 10 (1), Maart 2013 achieve justice in another sense. Had the sentence run its full course, Morales would have had a choice to be informed about, and to participate in, the parole proceedings of Gomez. Moreover, he would also have been informed of any escapes or transfers. Being a victim of violent crime is a traumatic event. If this trauma is not addressed it can cause the victim to suffer from post-traumatic stress disorder (PSD) on a long-term basis. Counselling of bereaved families after the murder of a relative is not always prioritised, as it should be. Proper support for victims of serious crime remains critical and in the absence thereof “the sting in the memory” of the wrong will often remain, which in turn can poison a person’s entire existence. Life without parole violates an offender’s right not to be treated or punished in a cruel, inhuman and degrading way, as well as the right to human dignity. The guiding constitutional principle regarding the concept of ubuntu further underscores the recognition and furtherance of the dignity and wholeness of all people. No sense of well-being can be experienced in permanent isolation without human interaction and visitation rights. Life-term offenders sentenced after 1 October 2004 become eligible for parole only after 25 years, as opposed to 20 years for those sentenced before this date. Correctional supervision and parole boards are constituted in a representative manner and, based on a case management system, objective guidelines must be followed in decision-making. In a democratic dispensation, Gomez, a young man at the time of sentencing, would, on assumption that his sentence had run its full course, have been released on full or day parole either after 20 or 25 years. Notwithstanding, Gomez’s own health might have played a role in effecting release before the expiry of the above terms, as medical parole remains an option to all offenders. Furthermore, even under a democratic dispensation, covert political motives may influence the decision surrounding early release. In any event, the future of Gomez would not have been determined by Morales’s need for revenge. Gomez would have been able to retain a measure of hope – to be released from prison based on future objective evaluation. The secret in their eyes provides a poignant illustration of the betrayal experienced by a widower when the state fails to fulfil its obligation to ensure proper execution of the perpetrator’s sentence, and in the pursuit of justice he himself becomes a lifelong victim. The film raises awareness with regard to the rights of victims and offenders during the postsentence phase. It not only reaffirms the rationale underpinning a rights culture for both victims and offenders, but also illustrates the inherent tension between rights of victims and offenders in this phase and the acute need to strike a balance. Keywords: audio-visual material;human rights; impact statements; legal education; life imprisonment; offenders; parole; post-sentence phase; sentence; victims’ rights; violent crime 179
1. Inleiding LitNet Akademies Jaargang 10 (1), Maart 2013 In hierdie artikel word die storielyn en feite in die Argentynse Oscar-bekroonde misdaadriller The secret in their eyes aangewend om sekere aspekte van die strafregstelsel te belig en te beoordeel. Die fokus word geplaas op die aspekte na skuldigbevinding wat van belang is vir beide die slagoffer en oortreder in geweldsmisdaad, naamlik, vonnisoplegging en die effektiewe termyn van opgelegde gevangenisstraf. Die posisie in die Suid-Afrikaanse reg word ondersoek sou die moordenaar, anders as in die rolprent, gevonnis word tot lewenslange gevangenisstraf in ’n demokratiese staat. Die kwessies waarop gefokus word, sluit in slagoffers se redelike verwagtinge met betrekking tot strafoplegging deur die staat, hul bemagtiging deur die toekenning van regte (soos deelname tydens paroolverhore), die noodsaaklikheid van berading na blootstelling aan geweldsmisdaad, asook die regte van oortreders wat lewenslange gevangenisstraf uitdien. Daar word gepoog om vas te stel watter regte van toepassing sou wees met betrekking tot die scenario wat in die rolprent uitgebeeld word en, indien wel, op welke manier hierdie bepalings binne ’n menseregte-stelsel ’n verskil sou gemaak het aan die ervarings van die slagoffer en die oortreder in die rolprent. Laastens word die bruikbaarheid van rolprentmateriaal soos The secret in their eyes in die opleiding van regstudente kortliks uitgelig. 2. ’n Oorsig van The secret in their eyes The secret in their eyes vertel die verhaal van ’n jong man (Morales) wat, kort nadat hy getroud is, sy vrou (Liliana Colotto de Morales) verloor na ’n wrede verkragting en moord. Die saak is aanvanklik onopgelos, maar die polisie-ondersoek word hervat op aandrang van die federale agente wat betrokke is (Esposito en sy assistent, Sandoval). As gevolg van hul insig in menslike gedrag, asook vindingryke en volgehoue speurwerk, identifiseer hulle ’n verdagte met die naam Gomez. Na bestudering van ou foto’s glo die speurders dat Gomez, wat grootgeword het in dieselfde dorp as Liliana, in die geheim op haar verlief was. Toe hy ontdek dat sy getroud is, word hy aangevuur deur jaloesie om haar te verkrag en te vermoor. Deur volharding en durf slaag die agente daarin om Gomez te arresteer; hy lê uiteindelik ’n bekentenis af en word tot lewenslange tronkstraf gevonnis. Die rolprent speel af teen die agtergrond van politieke korrupsie in Argentinië gedurende die middel-1970’s, toe die fascistiese regering in die regsproses kon inmeng en individuele vryheid en deursigtigheid kon misken. 1 Onderduimse gekonkel, korrupsie en magspel tussen die rolspelers in die strafregstelsel gee aanleiding tot die onverwagte vroeë vrylating van Gomez en sy aanstelling in ’n sekuriteitshoedanigheid vir die president van Argentinië. Esposito en sy assistent is geskok en magteloos, maar niks word nog tot dusver oor Morales se reaksie en gevoelens geopenbaar nie. ’n Afgetrede Esposito besluit om 25 jaar later weer na die saak te verneem om sodoende sy eerste roman te voltooi. Nog geboei deur die geval, spoor hy vir Morales op waar hy ’n 180
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