Maart 2013: jaargang 10, nommer 1 - LitNet

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LitNet Akademies Jaargang 10 (1), Maart 2013 through to insolvency law as well. This interaction between South African labour and insolvency legislation has made great strides in striking the right balance between the interests of the employees, the employer’s creditors and the employer himself. However, for an efficient and prosperous economy it is essential that mechanisms be implemented rather to rescue and retain potentially viable businesses. Therefore the article proceeds to suggest that this interaction between labour and insolvency legislation should culminate in the promotion, development and acceptance of an allinclusive business rescue plan within the South African legal framework. The focus accordingly shifts to business rescue, as provided for by the new South African Companies Act, as an alternative to liquidation, in order to protect employees against job losses and ultimately retain companies within the economy. It would be irresponsible of a developing economy such as South Africa to allow companies which are contributing to the establishment of the country’s industries and commercial enterprise to be immediately liquidated and dissolved following a temporary setback, if there is a reasonable possibility that they will, by means of a moratorium, be able to overcome their problems, settle their debts and again turn into successful businesses. Business rescue, which may be effected through either a board decision or a court order, affords a struggling business just that: an opportunity to meet creditors’ demands, remain economically active, pay taxes and maintain existing employees’ employment contracts (and even create new jobs). Even if the company is eventually liquidated should business rescue fail, its employees are still much better off, as their contracts would have remained intact for the duration of the business rescue process and they will be treated as preferential creditors during the eventual liquidation. As such, the business rescue plan is an important and innovate step for the South African economy. It offers employees and other affected persons the opportunity to have a say in, and contribute to, an efficient system to prevent the liquidation of a company. It also seems that this is starting to register with an increasing number of companies: statistics show a drastic decrease in the number of liquidations (including voluntary liquidations) carried out since the commencement of business rescue, and ascribe the recorded 72% reduction in liquidations in 2011 in part to business rescue procedures. Following a proper study of the business rescue provisions currently contained in the Companies Act, the research thus concludes that an insolvent business is no longer regarded as an economic outcast, as was the case previously, but instead is viewed as a business unit that, with the required assistance, could again take its place in the market. A business rescue plan offers struggling companies the opportunity to survive as viable units for the benefit of their creditors and employees, instead of being subjected to a liquidation process, which inevitably leads to job and other financial losses. It is proposed that the economic stability of the country would be better served if a serious attempt were to be made to save more businesses rather than liquidate immediately to satisfy creditors. In addition, the community’s interests are much better protected by the retention of job opportunities, the completion of unfinished business and the realisation of potential growth and development. In terms of the provisions of the Companies Act the business 85
LitNet Akademies Jaargang 10 (1), Maart 2013 rescue process promotes economic development in South Africa by encouraging the growth of emerging commercial enterprises and generally protecting companies against the detrimental effects of liquidation. Therefore an attitude of business rescue creates the expectation of improvement; it points to entrepreneurial activity, which will lead to financial and economic prosperity, and eventually activates the proverbial “healing powers” of business dynamics. Key words: Business rescue; Companies Act; employment contract; employment relationship; Insolvency Act; Labour Relations Act; liquidation; sequestration 1. Inleiding Dit is geykte reg dat dit in ons veranderende Suid-Afrikaanse konteks onontbeerlik is om ’n balans tussen die belange van individue soos werknemers aan die een kant en die belange van die gemeenskap in die geheel aan die ander kant te handhaaf. In dié verband is dit immers nie ongewoon dat ’n enkele werknemer as broodwinner vir ’n omvattende uitgebreide familie dien nie. Indien so ’n werknemer skielik sy/haar werk verloor, hou dit ernstige gevolge in vir diegene wat vir onderhoud van die werknemer afhanklik is. Die hantering van hierdie probleem is veelvlakkig. Een aspek daarvan lê opgesluit in werksekerheid, wat waarskynlik die wetgewer se beweegrede was vir die insluiting van artikel 197 van die Wet op Arbeidsverhoudinge 66 van 1995. Voorts is die Suid-Afrikaanse arbeids- en insolvensiereg veronderstel om die nodige oplossing te bied vir regsprobleme wat spruit uit ’n werkgewer se likwidasie en/of boedelsekwestrasie. Sodanige oplossing behoort in alle opsigte en uit alle oogpunte buigsaam en bevredigend te wees. Daarbenewens is ’n suksesvolle werkverskaffingsbeleid nodig wat tot ’n florerende landsekonomie bydra, by gebrek waaraan ondernemingsredding, soos die Wet op Maatskappye 71 van 2008 (hierna die “Maatskappywet”) dit beskryf, ondersoek kan word as verligting van die nadelige impak op werknemers se diensverhouding wanneer die werkgewer gelikwideer of sy boedel gesekwestreer word. Die grense tussen arbeidsreg en maatskappyereg het aldus Bagchi 1 nog altyd gepaste remedies om werknemerwelstand te bevorder en maatskappy-prestasie te beperk, aangesien dit in vele opsigte kompeterende begrippe is. Wanneer ‘n maatskappy egter die gevaar loop om gelikwideer te word, kan die “stem” van werknemers wel die topbestuur van maatskappye nou dophou, maar kan werknemers ook ‘n gemeenskaplike doel hê om die maatskappy van ondergang te red. Hier sal artikel 197(b) van die Wet op Arbeidsverhoudinge nuttig te pas kom, deurdat die verskaffing van inligting aan werknemers rakende die finansiële posisie van die maatskappy hulle en hul vakbonde kan bemagtig om vroegtydig met moontlike oplossings vorendag te kom om die maatskappy van ondergang te red en sodoende uitvoering te gee aan die doelstellings van die Wet op Arbeidsverhoudinge dat werksekerheid bevorder moet word. 86
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Maart 2013: jaargang 10, nommer 1 - LitNet

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