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138 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ANTHROPOLOGY NUMBER 23 They ate [tortillas made of] banana roots and fern roots. The poor . . . Ooh, you came here to San Cristobal and there weren't any tortillas. They were just thi—s big! One roll for two bits. But that's if there were any, and there weren't. But it was some chastisement! You see, the rain didn't come, none. The lowlands were laid waste by the sun. You couldn't see anything anymore. Nothing was left. Me, in the past I had gotten ... I had gotten a binful plus ten fanegas of flailed corn, but I hadn't sold it. If I had sold it I would have died. The Ixtapanecs went crazy, then. [They sold it for] five pesos an almud, but just solid money, not paper like it is now. Five peso pieces, but just round silver pieces if there were any, but there weren't. Me, I sold some after the corn had lasted a while. I sold several fanegas. As soon as the corn fields flowered with tassels the other poor people pulled them a—11 off [to eat]. They paid one quart [of corn] for a week's [labor] if they had any, but they didn't. The other poor people didn't ask for pay anymore. The Chamulans, if they had two ceremonial gourds or one ceremonial gourd [filled with] a ball of weed leaves, greens, amaranth, they left—wherever it was they went looking for an employer. The Chamulans who weren't given [jobs] were just stretched flat, lying on their ba—cks, dead on the road. Face up, they died. They died. It made no difference if it was an older man or a woman or a girl, still they perished. They died on the road to Zinacantan Center, of course, the Zinacantan Center road. An awful Chamulan girl passed by our house. There beneath the redberried hawthorn, in the tiny gully, she died. She passed by my house. "Eat!" she was told by my mother. But she didn't want to work, she did nothing. "Work in the corn field! Fluff wool!" she was told. "I don't want to," she said. When she arrived, then, she had two ceremonial gourds [each filled with] a ball of amaranth greens and spider flowers. You see she didn't want to fluff wool. She didn't wa—nt to. She just la—zed about. My parents ate banana root. Since it pleased me, and I had my own [supply], I supported them. My older brother and my father went as far as Chix-te7tik [Cherry Trees]. They found only eight ears, eight ears of dried corn. That was all! I said to my father, "Never mind, father, I have some. Don't go again! It costs so much effort. I will support you," I told him, because I was living separately, apart already. I had a separate house already. To my older brother I gave six almuds. My father I gave nine almuds. To my older sister I gave j-set' mu cham, jol Io7bol jol tzib 7islo7 7isve7. Bweno, ti povre, jii, 7a li Ii7e xatal ta Jobele, pero mu7yuk vaj xi smuk'u—1 ta chib tak'in jun kaxlan vaj pero 7oyuke mu7yuk. Bweno, pero H7e jun tzitzel. Va7i 7un, ch'abal tal ti vo7e, ch'abal, 7a li 7olon 7osile che7e, laj ta k'ak'al, mu xa k'u xak'el, ch'abal xa, 7a li vo7one, jtaoj to 7ox i vo7one, jtaoj j-p'ej ten, xchi7uk lajuneb janika majbil 7ixim pero muk' jchon, 7a ti jchonuke che7e licham, 7a li jnibake che7e, 7ivovi, vo7ob pexu ta 7almul pero naka tak'in, mu7nuk ja7 yech vun chak lavie. 7Orae, naka tak'in, vo7ob pexu tak'in pero naka spechel mejikano pero 7oyuke ch'abal, mu7yuk, 7a li vo7one 7ijchon k'alal 7ijalij i 7ixime, 7ijchon jayib janika. Bweno, yan povre tz'utuj 7inichin li chobtike, naka sbotz'el ta j-me—k 7un, ta jun kwarto jun xemana tztoj, pero 7oyuk 7une mu7yuk, yan povreetike muk' xa tzk'an stojol li jchamu7e, 7oy cha7-p'ej pisis boch, 7o j-p'ej pisis boch pich'bil yanal tz'i71el, 7itaj, tz'ul-7itaj, chbat, bu chbat ssa7 yajval mi muk' bu 7ak'e 7une naka ja7 pochajtik i jchamu7etike, ja7 te Java—1, laj ta be, javal laj, 7icham, 7ak' 7o mi mol 7ak' 7o mi 7antz, 7ak' 7o mi tzeb yu7un chlaj, chcham, belel Jtek-lum a7a, be Jtek-lum, te 7ech' ta jnatikotik i mu tzeb jchamu7 yolon tzajal k'at'ixe, yo7 7unen be-o7e, te cham, 7ech' ta jna. "Ve7an!" x7utat yu7un ti jme7e. Pero mu sk'an x7abtej, yech. "Chabajan, sivujan!" x7ute. "Mu jk'an," xi. 7A ti k'al 7ik'ote che7e, k'ot cha7-p'ej pisis boch 7a li pich'bil tz'ul-7itaj, pa7 7itaj. Bweno, va7i 7un, mu sk'an sivuj, mu sk'a—n te no 7ox spas ch'a—j ta j-mek 7un, 7a ti jme7e che7e, ti jtote che7e, 7islo7 jol Io7bol, komo pich' ko7on i vo7one che7e, vo7one 7o ku7un 7ijmak'lin 7a ti jbankile che7e, ti jtote, 7i7ay k'al Chix-te7tik 7ista vaxak-ch'ix no 7ox ech'el, vaxak-ch'ix vojton, ja7 no 7ox 7un. Bweno, 7ikalbe li jtote, "Yiyil, jtot, 7o ku7un, mu xa xabat, tol chavak' 7avokol, chajmak'lin," chkut. Yu7un slekojon ch'akalon xa, slekoj xa jna, jbankil vakib 7almul kak'be, 7a li jtot baluneb 7almul 7ikak'be, jun jvix 7oxib 7almul 7ikak'be pero yu7un 7o ku7un, te xa yijub 7un ti yunen yut jmoktik 7une,
three almuds. But that was because I had some myself. [The corn growing] in my little yard was already ripening. It grew. The holy corn was turning yellow. "Well, give me two or three almuds of you corn and take the land here," said my father. "Fine, take it!" I told him. Me, what else could I do, since they were my parents? Well, sir, I supported them. The Ixtapanecs, Ooh, they asked favors. Hell, they had the money, but what good was it? Me, I had planted irrigated fields at Vunal. So then I went to guard my corn with a shotgun and a machete. There were two or three friends, long-panted ones [Ixtapanecs]. I was standing guard with them. The corn ripened. I carried it [still] on the cob. But the robbers were killing people. If you met Ixtapanecs on the way they killed you. Me, I didn't want to be killed. Because I was prepared when I travelled. There were three or four of us. We got together when we travelled during the famine. Not even here [in San Cristobal] was it [any better]. God, it was punishment! Now the Ladinos here, they haven't taken it to heart yet. Punishment will come, you'll see when, what year, it comes again. They step on the corn. They throw it out. They eat it on the cob. You see we had grown arrogant because we came to offer them [corn] for the money we could get. Well, you'll see, on whatever day it is, the chastisement is yet to come, you'll see! Me, I felt the punishment. But tortillas, they weren't for sale anywhere then. "That's the end of them, some other day." There weren't even wheat buns or rolls. Ooh, [they sold them] for two bits, but they were this big! But we couldn't get filled up with those, either. We couldn't eat tortillas anymore. You would eat them, but on the sly. You would eat secretly, yes indeed! There wasn't anybody who ate. Everybody [ate] corn tassels. The Chamulans [ate] fern root. Twice my parents ate banana root. "Do you want to eat?" my mother asked me. "Hand it to me, I guess I'll eat some," I told her. "But it isn't edible. Don't eat any more, you'll just die," I told my parents, because I had some [corn] of my own. Me, I was kind to my parents. I was kind to my older brother. I was kind to my older sister, all of them, because I had some [corn] of my own. Me, I had a lot stored away. That's why! But I wasn't punished. My father sold his. He wasn't careful. Me, I was scared. <strong>Lo</strong>ng ago, then, it was a stiff punishment. Ooh, for everybody! Whoever had any [corn], then, pai—d one quart for a week [of work]. Who knows if a quart would give enough to eat for two days. Who knows if it would be eaten in one or two XUN VASKIS 139 7ich'i 7un, k'anub i ch'ul-7ixim 7une. "Bweno, 7ak'bon xa chibuk 7oxibuk 7almul lavixime, 7ich'o li balamil Ii7e!" xi ti jtot. "Bweno, 7ich'o!" xkut 7un. Vo7one mu jay-lok'el komo jtot komo jme7. Bweno, senyor, bweno 7ijmak'lin 7un, 7a li jnibaketike che7e, jii, chal vokol, tak'ine karajo 7oy pero k'usi 7un, vo7one 7o jtz'unoj 7ulbal ta Vunal. 7Iday, ba jchabi ti kixime, jun jtuk' jun jmachita, 7oy te cha7-vo7 7ox-vo7 kamikotak jnat-vexetik ja7 ta jchabi xchi7uk, 7ixime 7ik'anube, 7ikean ta vojton, pero ja7 ti j7elek'e, yu7un xmilvan bu xanup ta be li jnibaketike, yu7un chasmil. Bweno, vo7one mu jk'an milel porke listo chixanav 7oy 7ox-vo7 chan-vo7otikotik jtzoboj jbatikotik chixanavotikotik ti vi7naltik 7une, mi ja7uk i Ii7e che7e, dyos, kastiko! 7Ora, li jkaxlanetik Ii7e, mu xa yu7unuk ta yo7on k'al tana ta to xtal li kastikoe, te xak'el avil k'u 7ora jabilal xtok xk'ot, 7a li 7ixime che7e, tzpatz' ta tek'el, tzch'ay ta sk'ux. K'usi ta jtoy 7o jbatikotike xa 7oxe che7e, ja7 li xtal jpak'alinbetikotike, ja7 li tak'in ta jtatikotike. Bweno pwes, chak'el avil 7un ja7 ti k'usi k'ak'ale, ja7 to ta xtal to tzitzel xak'el avil. Bweno, li vo7one che7e, 7ika7i tzitzel, pero 7a li vaje che7e, mu xa bu xchone. "Laj sk'oplal yan to k'ak'al." Mi ja7uk simita mi ja7uk kaxlan vaj, jii, chib tak'in pero xi smuk'ule, pero mi ja7uk chinojotik 7o noxtok, 7a li vaje che7e, mu xa xu7 jve7tik, ve7an pero ta mukul, mukul xave7, 7eso si, mu xa much'u sve7 skotol krixchano, naka tz'utuj, 7a li jchamu7e che7e jol tzib, 7a ti jme7 jtote che7e, sve7 cha7-ten jol Io7bol. "Mi chave7?" xiyut i jme7. "7Ixik, ta jve7 ka7tik," xkut 7un. "Pero mu stak' ve7el, mu xa xave7 na me chaman," xkut i jme7e, xkut i jtote. Porke 7oy ku7un, vo7one 7ijk'uxubin ti jme7 jtote, jbankil 7ijk'uxubin, 7i jvix 7ijk'uxubin, skotol ta j-mek porke yu7un 7o ku7un, 7a li vo7one che7e, 7oy jnak'oj 7ep, yech'o, pero muk' bu kich' kastiko 7une, 7a ti jtote che7e, 7ixchon muk' stuk'ulan sba, vo7one Iixi7, ti vo7ne che7e, tol kastiko, jii, skotol krixchano ta j-mek, much'u 7o yu7une che7e, jun kwarto pero jun xemana tzto—j, jna7tik mi sve7 chibuk k'ak'al jun kwarto, mi sve7 van mu jna7tik mi jun mi chib k'u cha7al sve7 ju-moj ve7ele, vo7ne che7e, tol kastiko ta j-mek, ta to xtal
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Of Cabbages and Kings TALES FROM ZI
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FRONTISPIECE: Disguised Aztec merch
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ABSTRACT Laughlin, Robert M. Of Cab
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iv SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ANT
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VI SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ANT
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Acknowledgments It seemed a logical
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Epigraph "I see nobody on the road,
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GENESIS A second expectation create
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he himself made no connection betwe
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nineteen townships in the state of
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8 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ANTH
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Linguistic Notes In order to make t
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228 he reached the place where the
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I'm sorry to say it was pretty well
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356 So he tossed his hair upwards.
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Postscript "Talk of many things, ..
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Acala 7Ach' Jtek-lum 7Ak'ol Mukenal
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Number Page 1. Romin Teratol 17 2.
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Aarne, Antti Amatus 1928. The Types
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Maps Nearly all the local place nam
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REQUIREMENTS FOR SMITHSONIAN SERIES
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