PDF (Lo-Res) - Smithsonian Institution Libraries

More documents

Recommendations

Info

234 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ANTHROPOLOGY NUMBER 23 "Then I'll find out how much I owe [you]." "Oh, you can pay us back [with work]," he was told. They had him pay back the days. He payed back the work. His corn appeared. His family ate, it seems. Since he was alive, it seems. After the corn appeared, he, himself, came to pay back the work [that had been done for him]. That was all. That was the way the affair ended. The poor guy came out of prison. But he never confessed. But Villa was like that. What I saw myself was that he brought meat. He came to sell it here in Zinacantan Center. [Villa himself?] No, that [Maltil Pixkal]. [Where did Pancho Villa live?] Pancho Villa— beyond Acala. On the other side of the Grijalva. Pancho Villa. That's where his house was indeed! It was probably sixty-eight or sixty-nine years ago, indeed, I think. Long ago! Long ago, because .... [How old were you when you saw that?] When I saw it I was seven. I was seven years old when I saw it, indeed. Seven years. I was seven years old, because that had started long ago. It was already two or three years after that had begun—when they stripped people, took off their shirts, took off their pants, searched for their money. They were just bad. Bad, there wasn't a good person. They had probably prayed to God so that they could eat. That's what they lived on. They certainly didn't believe in God [properly]. No, the poor guys were different. Tonik's account of the Villistas provides a different perspective from Xun Vaskis' (T121), but a no less real one. The helplessness of the Indians, caught between contending forces, is the traditional plight of peasants in wars imposed from above. Of course Pancho Villa did not even come to Chiapas in "Ja7 xa ta xka7i k'u yepal ti kile." "7Oj te xapak," x7utat 7un. Pak-k'ak'al xa 7iyak' 7un, spak ti 7abtel 7une, 7ilok' tal ti yixim 7une sve7 ti sfamilya ya7el 7une, kontal ke kuxul 7o ya7el 7une, laj lok'uk tal ti yixime, 7ik'ot i stuk 7une spakbe yajval ti yabtel 7une, ch'abal yech laj 7o ti k'op chak taj 7une, lok' ech'el ta chukel i povre 7une, pero yu7 nox muk' xjam ye 7un, pero yech ti Biya 7une. K'usi li kil 7o li vo7one yu7n chich' tal bek'et chtal xchon Ii7 ta Jtek-lume. 7A li 7i7i ja7 7un taje, ja7 taj. Pancho Biyae sjelavel 7Akala sjelavel j-jech Nab, Pancho Biyae, ja7 tey sna a7a, te nan mi sesentay-ocho sesentay-noeve k'u x7elan jna7 sjabilal bi vo7ne, vo7ne porke 7a li... K'alal jk'ele vukub, vukub jjabilal ti k'al 7ijk'el a7a, vukub jabil, vukub jjabilal porke vo7ne xa 7onox slikel 7un, xchibal mi yoxibal xa 7ox jabil slikelik taj taj x7elan 7une, ja7 li tzt'ananik ti krixchanoe tzlok'beik sk'u7 tzlok'beik svex tza7beik stak'in, yu7 nox pukuj, pukuj mu7 nox bu ti lek krixchanoe, yu7 nan ja7 sk'oponoj 7o riox yu7un ja7 chve7 7o, ja7 chve7 7o mu sna7 ti sna7 riox a7a, 7i7i batz'i j-tos 7o prove. person, but his name was associated with the counterrevolutionary "mapaches" the lowlands and with Pineda in the highlands, lands. Maltil Pixkal's first cousin Petul Buro is the lucky musician of Tale 132. See also T121 and notes. When the Church Rose and Saint Sebastian Was Saved T85 Long ago the Church of the Martyr, it wasn't built by masons or whatever. It was built by the Creator Gods long ago. It was made, it was built in four, in five nights and five days. The stones, the timbers, and so on were transported. It grew dark. There was no day and no night, just darkness. It was the Vaxakmen, as they were called long ago, who worked. It was these Creator Gods who carried the stones. It was the Creator Gods who carried the lime. It was the Creator Gods who transported the timbers. That's why the land was in darkness. [The Church of] the Martyr was built long ago. The church was built, the church was made, in five days. Day and night it was dark. The land was in darkness. Dawn never came. "Why is the land so dark? Why doesn't dawn ever come. It's unbearable, it seems," said the people. 7A ti vo7ne li 7eklixa ta Martile, mu7nuk meltzajem ta 7alvanil ta k'usitikuk ja7 la ti vaxak-men smeltzanoj ti vo7ne, chanib 7a li vo7ob la 7ak'ubal vo7ob la k'ak'al 7i pas 7o 7imeltzaj 7o 7eanluj 7o ti tone, ti te7e, ti k'utikuke, 7i7ik'ub, mu7yuk k'ak'al mu7yuk 7ak'ubal solel 7ik'-7osil, ja7 la 7abtej ti vaxak-men sbi yu7unik ti vo7ne, 7a ti vaxak-menetike, ja7 la skuch ton, 7a ti vaxak-menetike, ja7 la skuch tan, 7a la ti vaxak-menetike, ja7 la yean te7, yech'o la ti 7ik' ti 7osil 7une, 7imeltzaj 7o li Martil ti vo7ne 7une. Va7i 7un, meltzaj ti 7eklixa, pas ti 7eklixa 7une, ja7 taj vo7ob k'ak'al, k'ak'al 7ak'ubal 7ik\ 7ik' li 7osile, mu7yuk bu tzsakub. "K'u no van yu7un ti batz'i 7ik'-7osile, k'u no van yu7un ti mu sakube, ta xtavan xa me ya7el 7un," xiik la ti krixchano.
"Eh, who knows why. Maybe god is punishing us for something. If we don't live through it ... if the things we live on run out we'll die of starvation," said the people. But you see when the five days and five nights were up, the church was standing. It was standing. Its walls were up now. Its tiles were on now. The bell tower wasn't tall. It's low. That's because it was built by the Creator Gods. That's why. It was rebuilt. It was repaired. It was hard to repair it. It was hard to rebuild it because it wasn't built by people. Oh, maybe they were people, but they were the Creator Gods who built it lo—ng, long ago. That Church wasn't built just this morning or yesterday. I don't know, in the year ... I don't know how many years old it is. I don't know what year it was, but it was long ago. It was Our Holy Fathers, the Creator Gods who built the church. They finished building it, making it. There used to be a cemetery there where that church is. There used to be a graveyard there. There used to be white stones or whatever standing at the head of the graves of the dead where the people were buried. Stones were standing for each one, for each of the dead. They were there when we watched the fiesta, it seems. I saw them of course, but since my age is ... I'm forty-six years old now. Now when the church was built . . . How would you know how many centuries ago the church was built? That church is very old. There isn't anyone who saw it built. It was the ancestors who saw the church being built. The bells weren't big either. Its little bells were small. Don't you see, long ago there weren't any big bells. There used to be just very little bells until the ancestors had their bells, but [that was] in the church of Our Holy Father, St. Lawrence. Who knows how it was built. But the Holy Martyr, Our Holy Father, was a captain. He came from deep in the woods. They went to throw him in the woods. I don't know what Our Holy Father's crime was. They went and threw him in the heavy forest to be killed by mountain lions, to be killed by coyotes, to be killed by whatever animal would eat Our Holy Father long ago. They did their best where they threw him. They tried their hardest where they tossed him, but he didn't die. Nothing happened to him. I don't know if it was the Lacandons. I don't know whose job it was to shoot arrows at him long ago. Just arrows. He was wounded badly. Flecha they're called. He was wounded many times in his breast. He was wounded in his legs. He was wounded in the belly, in his thighs, in the ribs, wherever the arrows that they shot entered. They killed him, since he was an army captain. How would we know he was Our Holy Father, the Martyr? So today that [church] is built. That church was made. They went to throw TONIK NIBAK 235 "7Ey, jna7tik k'u yu7un, te xa nan k'u ta jtobetik riox, mi mu kuch ku7untike, laj ma k'u ta xkipantike, chichamotik ta vi7nal," xi la ti krixchano. Bu xavil 7un, tz'aki la ti vo7ob k'ak'al vo7ob k'ak'al vo7ob 7ak'ubal 7une, p'ejel la li 7eklixae, p'ejel la 7o xa la snail, 7o xa la stexail, 7o xa la 7a li mu7nuk 7o bu toyol tijob tak'ine, pek'el Ie7 to, yech'o xal 7un ja7 vaxak-menetik smeltzanoj, yech'o xal 7un Ie7e, lavi meltzaj 7iyich' pak'anel xa Ie7e, vokol xa 7iyich' pak'anel, vokol xa yich' meltzanel, porke mu krixchanouk smeltzanoj, 7an, krixchano nan pero ja7 vaxak-men smeltzanoj ti 7a—ntivo ta j-mek 7une, mu7nuk nax volje to smeltzajel li 7eklixa Ie7e, mu jna7 ta 7anyo de ... mu jna7 sjayibal me jabil Ie7e, mu jna7 k'usi jabilal pero vo7ne, 7a li jch'ul-tottik vaxak-men la ti smeltzanoj 7un li 7eklixa. Va7i 7un, laj meltzajuk 7un, pasuk 7un, mukenal to 7ox yo7 7a li 7eklixa Ie7, 7a li 7oy to 7ox te mukenal te to 7ox matz'ajtik, 7a li sakil ton k'utikuk yo7 bu xch'enal sjol li 7animae, te butik mukem ti krixchanoe. Va7i 7un, ja7 te ju-jun ju-jun ti 7animae, te matz'ajtik ton, te k'alal ta jk'eltikotik k'in ya7el xa lavi kil vo7on a7a, pero komo li jch'iel vo7one, 7oy xa kwarenti-ses jabilal li vo7on H7i. 7Ora ti meltzaj i 7eklixae, yu7 van xana7 jayib syen jabil li meltzajem li 7eklixa 7un Ie7e, vo7ne li 7eklixa, muk' buch'u yiloj meltzajem, ja7 to ti 7antivoetik yiloj meltzajem li 7eklixa, muk' bu muk'tik kampana noxtok, bik'itik yunen kampanail. Mu xavil 7a ti vo7ne ch'abal to 7ox la muk'tik kampana, naka la bik'it ti kampana ta j-mek to 7ox ti 7oye, ja7 to ti 7antivoetike, ja7 7oy to 7ox skampana pero ja7 H7 ta yeklixa li jch'ul-tottik San-torensoe, ja7 mu jna7tik k'utik xi meltzajem a7a, yan i jch'ul-martil Ie7e, ja7 taj kapitan to 7ox li jch'ul-tottik Ie7e, ta yut te7tik talem, ta yut te7tik 7a la sjipel, mu jna7 k'usi smul ti jch'ul-tottik Ie7e, 7a la sjipel ta muk'tik te7tik, 7ak'o la lajuk ta leon, 7ak'o la lajuk ta 7ok'il, 7ak'o la lajuk ta k'usi chanul xti7on ta j-mek ti vo7ne jch'ul-tottik 7une, 7i7ech' yo7onik ti bu sjipike, 7ech' yo7onik ti bu stenike, pero mi ja7uk 7o bu 7o bu xcham, mi ja7uk 7o bu k'u spas, ja7 mu jna7 mi ja7 li lakandone, ja7 mu jna7 k'usi yabtel ti 7iyak'beik p'ilom te7 ti vo7ne 7une, 7a li naka p'ilom te7 7ep yayijem ta j-mek, ja7 li flecha sbie, 7ep yayijem ta xchu7, yayijem ta yok, yayijem ta xch'ut, ta yo7, ta xch'elop butikuk 7ochem ti flecha chak'beik 7une, tzmilik 7o la 7un, k'u ti ja7 ti kapitan soltero lae, yu7 van ta jna7tik mi jch'ul-tottik Martil 7un, ja7 lavi meltzajem 7o 7un Ie7e, pasem 7o ya7el li 7eklixa 7un Ie7e, ba stenel ti butik 7a stenele pero mu no 7ox buy 7icham 7un, mu no 7ox bu k'u spas, yu7un staoj yav k'u x7elan li jch'ul-tottik Martil Ie7e.
Page 1 and 2:
Of Cabbages and Kings TALES FROM ZI
Page 4 and 5:
FRONTISPIECE: Disguised Aztec merch
Page 6 and 7:
ABSTRACT Laughlin, Robert M. Of Cab
Page 8 and 9:
iv SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ANT
Page 10 and 11:
VI SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ANT
Page 12 and 13:
Acknowledgments It seemed a logical
Page 14 and 15:
Epigraph "I see nobody on the road,
Page 16 and 17:
GENESIS A second expectation create
Page 18 and 19:
he himself made no connection betwe
Page 20 and 21:
nineteen townships in the state of
Page 22 and 23:
8 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ANTH
Page 24 and 25:
10 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ANT
Page 26 and 27:
Page 28 and 29:
Linguistic Notes In order to make t
Page 30 and 31:
Page 32 and 33:
Page 34 and 35:
20 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBU TIONS TO AN
Page 36 and 37:
Page 38 and 39:
Page 40 and 41:
Page 42 and 43:
Page 44 and 45:
Page 46 and 47:
Page 48 and 49:
Page 50 and 51:
Page 52 and 53:
Page 54 and 55:
Page 56 and 57:
Page 58 and 59:
Page 60 and 61:
Page 62 and 63:
Page 64 and 65:
Page 66 and 67:
Page 68 and 69:
Page 70 and 71:
Page 72 and 73:
Page 74 and 75:
Page 76 and 77:
Page 78 and 79:
Page 80 and 81:
Page 82 and 83:
Page 84 and 85:
Page 86 and 87:
Page 88 and 89:
Page 90 and 91:
Page 92 and 93:
Page 94 and 95:
Page 96 and 97:
Page 98 and 99:
Page 100 and 101:
Page 102 and 103:
Page 104 and 105:
Romin Tan-chak comes of a well-to-d
Page 106 and 107:
Xun Vaskis FIGURE 2.—Xun Vaskis,
Page 108 and 109:
Page 110 and 111:
Page 112 and 113:
Page 114 and 115:
100 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO AN
Page 116 and 117:
Page 118 and 119:
Page 120 and 121:
Page 122 and 123:
Page 124 and 125:
Page 126 and 127:
Page 128 and 129:
Page 130 and 131:
Page 132 and 133:
Page 134 and 135:
Page 136 and 137:
Page 138 and 139:
Page 140 and 141:
Page 142 and 143:
Page 144 and 145:
Page 146 and 147:
Page 148 and 149:
Page 150 and 151:
Page 152 and 153:
Page 154 and 155:
Page 156 and 157:
Page 158 and 159:
Page 160 and 161:
Page 162 and 163:
Page 164 and 165:
Page 166 and 167:
Page 168 and 169:
Page 170 and 171:
Page 172 and 173:
Page 174 and 175:
Page 176 and 177:
Page 178 and 179:
FIGURE 7.—Tonik Nibak, 1961 (phot
Page 180 and 181:
Page 182 and 183:
Page 184 and 185:
Page 186 and 187:
172 boy told me, my companion, my n
Page 188 and 189:
Page 190 and 191:
Page 192 and 193:
Page 194 and 195:
Page 196 and 197:
Page 198 and 199: 184 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO AN
Page 242 and 243: 228 he reached the place where the
Page 298 and 299:
Page 300 and 301:
Page 302 and 303:
Page 304 and 305:
Page 306 and 307:
Page 308 and 309:
Page 310 and 311:
Page 312 and 313:
Page 314 and 315:
Page 316 and 317:
Page 318 and 319:
Page 320 and 321:
Page 322 and 323:
Page 324 and 325:
Page 326 and 327:
Page 328 and 329:
Page 330 and 331:
Page 332 and 333:
Page 334 and 335:
Page 336 and 337:
I'm sorry to say it was pretty well
Page 338 and 339:
Page 340 and 341:
Page 342 and 343:
Page 344 and 345:
Page 346 and 347:
Page 348 and 349:
Page 350 and 351:
Page 352 and 353:
Page 354 and 355:
Page 356 and 357:
Page 358 and 359:
Page 360 and 361:
Page 362 and 363:
Page 364 and 365:
Page 366 and 367:
Page 368 and 369:
Page 370 and 371:
356 So he tossed his hair upwards.
Page 372 and 373:
Page 374 and 375:
Page 376 and 377:
Page 378 and 379:
Page 380 and 381:
Page 382 and 383:
Page 384 and 385:
Page 386 and 387:
Page 388 and 389:
Page 390 and 391:
Page 392 and 393:
Page 394 and 395:
Page 396 and 397:
Page 398 and 399:
Page 400 and 401:
Page 402 and 403:
Page 404 and 405:
Page 406 and 407:
Page 408 and 409:
Page 410 and 411:
Page 412 and 413:
Page 414 and 415:
Page 416 and 417:
Page 418 and 419:
Page 420 and 421:
Postscript "Talk of many things, ..
Page 422 and 423:
Acala 7Ach' Jtek-lum 7Ak'ol Mukenal
Page 424 and 425:
Page 426 and 427:
Number Page 1. Romin Teratol 17 2.
Page 428 and 429:
Aarne, Antti Amatus 1928. The Types
Page 430 and 431:
Page 432 and 433:
Page 434 and 435:
Maps Nearly all the local place nam
Page 436 and 437:
Page 438 and 439:
Page 440 and 441:
Page 445:
REQUIREMENTS FOR SMITHSONIAN SERIES
show all

PDF (Lo-Res) - Smithsonian Institution Libraries

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?