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176 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ANTHROPOLOGY NUMBER 23 cooked. They were good now. They were good and soft, like corn. They were boiled. I gave them to him. "Do you eat them like this?" we asked. "Ah, they're better!" he said. Yes! He had an awfully big bowl, this size. We filled it up for him. He took it. They ate. "Ah [there's enough] here for supper and breakfast," he said. He went. He took his wheat tortillas. We ate wheat tortillas for a long time. It was probably more than a month. Yes! Now they won. It was when ... I don't know if it was the third time they were sent off, I think. My mother had run out of corn. "I'm going to leave you in San Cristobal. That's better. Go earn something!" she said. Pineda was chased by Obregon there by [the Church of] Guadalupe [in San Cristobal]. Pineda left. Pineda fled. Obregon stayed now. Obregon was established. Pineda lost for good. He lost for good. One of their roosters, two legs of mutton, roasted in the oven were left at my home. There was still probably, eh, a quart of corn. That was all. That became our pay, of course! Two of their sheep, too. But they were still alive. They hadn't slaughtered them and brought them. They brought them, of course! They were eaten here in San Cristobal. That's all I saw. The last time they came, it seems— the last time we fed the soldiers like that—Pineda's soldiers came. They went this way along the top of Na Joj [Raven House]. They blew their bugles. They blew their bugles. Their bugles sounded goo—d. But the advance force was already at the cemetery. [Pineda's soldiers] were scared now. They fled back now, like this, along the top of the mountains. They left. They ended up at [the Church of] Guadalupe. They fled. They fled to this day. They stayed away. Now it's fine. There haven't been any more battles. That was the last battle, indeed! Ye—s! For Tonik, all the grand ideals, the bullets and battles of the Mexican Revolution, shrink to nothing before the contemplation of a generous stack of tortillas and a simmering pot of wellspiced chicken. The first scene apparently opens on 19 September 1920, when the Pinedists routed the government troops of President Carranza. Tonik, like Xun Vaskis, mistakenly identifies them as the Obregonists, who arrived years later. It appears from Tonik's closing comments that the soldiers they fed were Obregonists. Tonik's mother's quandary about how to prepare food for the Ladino soldiers expresses the distinctive difference between Indian cuisine and Ladino cuisine—Indians eat boiled food, Ladinos eat fried food. Tonik's concern with food did not end with the Revolution. I recall her bouncing my infant daughter in her lap and, with her eyes asparkle, reciting a litany of all the gastronomic pleasures that awaited our baby: "You will eat tortillas! You will eat beans! You will eat potatoes!" (And almost surely out of consideration for our vegetarian diet, she thoughtfully excluded chicken and beef, etc.) tok'on 7un lek xa, juyul xa slekil chak k'u cha7al 7a li 7ixim 7un, tok'on 7un kak'be 7un. "Xana7 sti7el yech chak H7e?" xkuttik 7un. "7A, mas lek!" xi 7un. Ji7! 7Oy jun smu mol tasa xi smuk'ule ja7 ta jnojesbetikotik ech'el 7un, chich' ech'el 7un chve7 7un. "7A Ii7e 7oy yu7un sena 7oy yu7un 7almwerso," xi 7un. Chbat 7un chich' ech'el ti sjarinail vaj 7une, jal 7ijve7tikotik ti jarinail vaje, te nan mas ta jun 7u. Ji7! K'usi xa li 7ispas kanal 7une ja7 ti k'alal taa, mu jna7 mi ta yox-lok'elal 7ay stakel ta 7ik'el chka7i 7un. 7A li ja7 ti jme7 7une laj yixim 7un. "Chba kak'ot Jobel mas lek ba paso kanal!" xi 7un. Le7 ta Valalupa 7a snutzel yu7un 7Ovregon 7une ti Pineda 7une, bat ti Pineda jatav ech'el li Pineda 7une, ja7 xa te kom i 7Ovregon 7une, choti li 7Ovregon 7une, ja7 ch'ay i Pineda ta j-moj 7une, ch'ay ta j-moj 7un, ja7 7oy 7ikom te ta jna 7a li j-kot skelem cha7-jek chij bakueb ta jorno, 7a li 7o to nan, 7eee junuk kwarcha te7 7ixim k'ajom 7un, ja7 xa jtojoltikotik 7ikom 7un bi, cha7-kot xchij a7a pero xkotet to muk' milbil 7iyik' tal 7un, 7iyik' tal bi 7a Ii7 tal sti7ik H7 ta Jobele, ja7 yech yepal 7i 7i 7a li 7ikil chak taj 7une, tal xa ta slajeb xa ya7el taj k'alal slajeb taj x7elan ta jmak'lantikotik i soltero 7une, 7i 7ital to yajsoltero li 7a li Pineda 7une, xi bat xi ta baba Na Joj 7une, stij skorneta 7un, stij skorneta 7un le—k xa xal ti skornetae. Buy, te li 7avansada ta mukenal xa 7une, 7ixi7 xa 7un, jatav xa tal 7un ja7 xa li xixi baba baba vitztik 7ibat 7une xi k'ot ta lok'el ta Valalupa 7une jatav 7o ech'el 7un, k'al tana, kom 7o li lek xa 7un mu xa bu 7och pletu yan, ch'abal xa, slajeb pletu bi! Jii7! The entry of the Obregonist troops in Zinacantah Center in late April 1924 was described to me by another witness, Manvel K'obyox. He told how General Pineda used to disguise himself as a Chamulan charcoal maker, so that he could pass freely among the enemy. When the Obregonists arrived searching for Pineda and his troops, the townspeople had mainly fled. As a sacristan, Manvel had stayed behind to guard the church. The Obregonist commander, flourishing a pistol in his right hand and a red flag in his left, accosted the small group of defenders at the bridge: "Where is Pineda?" They swore their ignorance, though they must have guessed that his forces were sitting in foxholes in the mountain slopes above the town. A house was searched nearby, and a cache of corn and pure cane liquor was discovered. A bull was slaughtered. Each of the soldiers and each of the Zinacantec defenders received a kilo of meat and a large shot of cane liquor. The flight of Pineda's soldiers from the hills flanking Zinacantan Center occurred on 1 May 1924. See also T14, T112, TI52, T154, and their notes.
TONIK NIBAK He Followed the Sun and Swallowed the Gold T89 There was a man long ago. He asked the buzzard for its wings. He left. He followed close behind. "My Lord, I am going to join you because I want to go see where it is you go, as far as [the place] where you stop. I [want to] know where the world ends. I want to see it," he told Our Lord. "Oh, poor creature!" said Our Lord. "Let's go and see! Do your best, you will be somebody, you will be a real man if you pass along where I'm going," said Our Holy Father. [The man] followed close behind. He was getting worn out. Right around three o'clock he just grew exhausted. He couldn't go on. He perched in a tree. When he perched in a tree, when he looked [again], Our Lord had already gone on. He fie—w off again. He flew off qui—ckly now. He caught up with Our Lord on the path. "Please don't leave me. Please wait for me, because I feel tired," he said. "Ah, you want to go on because you surely are a rugged traveller, but me, I'm used to it. That's how I watch over the young and the old," said Our Lord. He went on. You see they reached the place where the sun sets, [where] the sun disappears. "If you want to continue on, if you really want to cross over, dunk your head three times," he was told, at the ocean. He dunked his head. After that first dunking Our Lord had not yet crossed over [the ocean]. Nor after the second dunking. After the third time that he dunked his head, when he looked, Our Lord was on the other side of the ocean. "Cross on over! Now the ocean isn't very deep any more," he was told. But he was tantalized by the money. [It reached] from one side to the other. There was money here on our side. There was money on the other side. "Why should I go now? Why should I cross over now, since I long for the money, it seems?" he said. He picked up the money. He stuck it under his sash, around his waist or something. Already it felt heavy. He couldn't stand up anymore. He wasn't even satisfied with that much. He had a neckerchief. When he flew off he had tied it around his waist. He put [the money] in his neckerchief. He wrapped ii tightly around him. He tied it around his waist. Then he flew. But you see, he came back bringing the money he had found. He flew back by himself, he didn't come back with Our Lord. He just returned to tell about how it was, what it was like that he dunked his head three times. He came home. He returned to tell his children. "Never mind, wife, I carried out my wish, I achieved my purpose. I went to see where the end 177 7Oy la jun vinik ti vo7ne, 7isk'anbe la xxik' i xuleme, bat la 7un, bat la, tijiltijil la. Ti "Kajval, chba jchi7inot yu7un ta jk'an chba jk'el ti bu chabate, ti buy buy ti k'alal chapaje, ta xkojtikin ti bu k'alal xpaj i balamile, ta jk'an ta jk'el," xut la ti kajvaltik. "7Ay, 7olol!" xi la ti kajvaltik. "Battik avil ba lok'es 7avo7on yu7un krixchanoot yu7un vinikot ti mi7n na7ech' ti yo7 bu chibate," xi la ti jch'ul-tottik. Va7i 7un, tijiltijil la ech'el, ta xa xlubtzaj ti k'al lek xa nan 7oxib 7ora k'ak'ale, solel la tzlubtzaj xa, mu xa xu7. Va7i 7un, luchi la ta te7, 7a la ti k'alal 7iluchi ta te7 7une, k'al 7iyil i kajvaltike bat xa 7ox la, vi—1 la ech'el noxtok 7un, suje—m xa la vil ech'el 7un, sta la ta be ti kajvaltik 7une. "Mu me xakomeson 7un, malaon me 7un, yu7un me chilub chka7i," xi la 7un. "7Aa, chak'an chabate yu7un me tzotzot ta xanbal 7un bi 7a, yan chak i vo7one yu7n nox nopem xka7i ja7 yech ta jk'el 7o bik'it muk'," xi la ti kajvaltike. Bat la 7un, xavil 7istaik la ti yo7 bu mal ti k'ak'al ch'ay ti k'ak'al 7une. "7A li ti mi7n chak'an chajelav, mi slok'el 7avo7on cha7ech'e, tz'ajo 7ox-tz'ajeluk lajole!" x7utat la ti ta nab 7une. Stz'aj la ti sjole, taj ta primero j-tz'ajele, mu to 7ox bu la jelav yu7un kajvaltik, xcha7-tz'ajele ch'abal la, ta yox-tz'ajelal 7istz'aj i sjol 7une, k'al 7iyile j-jech nab la ti kajvaltik 7une. "Jelavan talel 7un, lavi mu xa bu mas noj i nabe," x7utat la 7un. Pero spich' la yo7on ti tak'in ta j-jot ta j-jote, 7oy la tak'in H7 ta jtojoltike 7i 7oy la tak'in xi ta j-jote. "K'usi xi chibat 7un Ii7i, k'usi xi chijelav 7un H7i, ti xpich' ko7on i tak'in yilel 7une?" xi la. Stam la ti tak'ine xch'ik la ta xch'ut sjoyob spat k'usi, 7ol xa la cha7i 7un, mu xa la stak' xva7i 7un, mu7 no la ja7uk no 7ox ta71o ya7i la, 7o la spok', 7a li xchukoj ech'el ta xch'ut ti k'al 7ivil ech'el 7une, 7a li 7iyak' la ta ta spok' 7un, 7isut' la 7un, 7ixchuk la ta xch'ut 7un, ja7 7o la vil 7un. Bu la xavil 7un, 7isut la tal 7un yich'oj tal ti tak'in ya7ele sta la tal stuk xa 7ivil tal 7un mu xa yu7unuk xchi7uk tal li kajvaltik 7une, ja7 no la ti yul slo7ilta ti k'utik xi ti k'utik x7elan ti stz'aj 7o 7ox-tz'ajel ti sjol 7une, tal ta sna 7une, yul yalbe ti xch'amaltak 7une. "Yiyil 7un, 7antz, 7ijlok' ti ko7one, 7ech' ti ko7on 7a jk'el buy ti slajelal ti balamil 7une, mu k'usi 7un.
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Of Cabbages and Kings TALES FROM ZI
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FRONTISPIECE: Disguised Aztec merch
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ABSTRACT Laughlin, Robert M. Of Cab
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iv SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ANT
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VI SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ANT
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Acknowledgments It seemed a logical
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Epigraph "I see nobody on the road,
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GENESIS A second expectation create
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he himself made no connection betwe
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nineteen townships in the state of
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8 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ANTH
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Linguistic Notes In order to make t
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Romin Tan-chak comes of a well-to-d
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Xun Vaskis FIGURE 2.—Xun Vaskis,
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Page 178 and 179: FIGURE 7.—Tonik Nibak, 1961 (phot
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228 he reached the place where the
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I'm sorry to say it was pretty well
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356 So he tossed his hair upwards.
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Postscript "Talk of many things, ..
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Acala 7Ach' Jtek-lum 7Ak'ol Mukenal
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Number Page 1. Romin Teratol 17 2.
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Aarne, Antti Amatus 1928. The Types
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Maps Nearly all the local place nam
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REQUIREMENTS FOR SMITHSONIAN SERIES
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