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the travaux préparatoires hague rules hague-visby rules - Comite ...

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PART II - HAGUE RULES 125Article 1(b) - The definition of “Contract of carriage”ou à tout autre document du moment oùil règle les rapports entre le transporteuret le porteur du connaissement. Prenantmaintenant l’exemple de M. Beecher, leconnaissement émis en vertu d’une charte-partieaussi long-temps qu’il ne règlepas les rapports entre le transporteur etle porteur du connaissement, n’est pasintéressant pour la convention puisqu’ellene s’y applique pas. Ce que M. Beechera en vue, c’est le connaissement quirègle les rapports entre armateur et chargeur,mais qui n’est pas encore négocié.Pareil document doit être conforme auxstipulations de la convention dès qu’ildevient le contrat de transport réglant lesrapports entre les deux parties. Maisc’est là un cas qui ne se présentera jamaiscar lorsqu’on demande un connaissementce n’est évidemment pas pour legarder dans son coffre-fort, mais bienpour le négocier selon la pratique ducommerce.to a bill of lading or any o<strong>the</strong>r documentfrom <strong>the</strong> time when it regulated relationsbetween <strong>the</strong> carrier and <strong>the</strong> holder of <strong>the</strong>bill of lading. Taking Mr. Beecher’s example,<strong>the</strong> bill of lading issued under acharter party, so long as it did not regulaterelations between <strong>the</strong> carrier and <strong>the</strong>holder of <strong>the</strong> bill of lading, held no interestfor <strong>the</strong> convention because <strong>the</strong> conventiondid not apply to it. What Mr.Beecher had in mind was <strong>the</strong> bill of ladingthat regulated relations betweenshipowner and shipper but that had notyet been negotiated. Such a documentshould conform to <strong>the</strong> stipulations of <strong>the</strong>convention when it became <strong>the</strong> contractof carriage regulating <strong>the</strong> relations between<strong>the</strong> two parties. But that was a casethat would never arise because when onedemanded a bill of lading it was evidentlynot for keeping it in one’s safe, butra<strong>the</strong>r for negotiating it according tocommercial practice.Quatrième Séance Plénière-8 Octobre 1923[81]L’examen de la convention étant terminé,M. le Président rappelle qu’unequestion importante a été réservée etdoit encore être discutée: celle de savoirsi cette convention doit s’appliquer auxtramp-steamers ou s’il faut la restreindreaux lignes régulières de navigation. A cetobjet se rattache une réserve qui figuredans le Bill anglais, mais qui ne touchepas à la base de la convention.[82]M. Alten rappelle qu’il a antérieurementdéjà expliqué les raisons pour lesquellesles armateurs scandinaves désirentlaisser les tramp-steamers en dehorsde la convention. Il désire connaître l’attitudedes différentes délégations àl’égard de cette question.M. le Président résume la questioncomme suit: cette convention réclaméedepuis longtemps par le commerce internationalet sur laquelle un accord s’estFourth Plenary Session - 8 October 1923[81]The examination of <strong>the</strong> conventionbeing finished, <strong>the</strong> Chairman recalledthat an important question had been setaside and still had to be discussed, namelywhe<strong>the</strong>r this convention should applyto tramp steamers or whe<strong>the</strong>r to restrictit to regular lines of navigation. A reservationfeatured in <strong>the</strong> English bill referredto this subject but did not affect<strong>the</strong> basis of <strong>the</strong> convention.[82]Mr. Alten recalled that he had previouslyexplained <strong>the</strong> reasons why <strong>the</strong>Scandinavian shipowners wished to exclude<strong>the</strong> tramp steamers from <strong>the</strong> convention.He wanted to know <strong>the</strong> opinionsof <strong>the</strong> different delegations on thisquestion.The Chairman summarized <strong>the</strong> questionas follows: This convention, whichhad been called for by internationaltrade for such a long time, and on which

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