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the travaux préparatoires hague rules hague-visby rules - Comite ...

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162 COMITE MARITIME INTERNATIONALThe Travaux Préparatoires of <strong>the</strong> Hague and Hague-Visby Rulestain o<strong>the</strong>r of <strong>the</strong> European delegations are not happy as regards <strong>the</strong>ir own jurisdictions.For <strong>the</strong>se reasons I really do urge you to tackle this problem and give some reliefto <strong>the</strong> modified extent proposed in our amendment.Thank you.[191-200]Mr. P. Dukaris (Greece). Mr. Chairman, <strong>the</strong> Greek delegation will most certainlyvote in favour of <strong>the</strong> British proposal because <strong>the</strong>y consider that <strong>the</strong>re is a most definiteinequity in <strong>the</strong> decision in <strong>the</strong> “Muncaster Castle” case and in fact, we believe -and this is supported by what was said in <strong>the</strong>ir Lordships’ decisions - that <strong>the</strong> meaningapplied to <strong>the</strong> words “due diligence” by <strong>the</strong>ir Lordships was <strong>the</strong> same applied in<strong>the</strong> provisions of <strong>the</strong> American Harter Act from which <strong>the</strong> relevant provisions of <strong>the</strong>Hague Rules were taken.Now, we maintain that this meaning of <strong>the</strong> words “due diligence” is tantamount toimposing strict liability on <strong>the</strong> shipowner which is not a desirable state of affairs.Fur<strong>the</strong>rmore, if such a meaning is applied, we are taken back, as I said, to <strong>the</strong> yearsof <strong>the</strong> Harter Act, if not back to <strong>the</strong> years of <strong>the</strong> Roman Law and <strong>the</strong> Senatus consultumnautarum cauponum et stabulariorum.In any event, in <strong>the</strong> “Muncaster Castle”, <strong>the</strong>re is a fur<strong>the</strong>r element of injustice andinequity that <strong>the</strong> shipowner in that particular case proved to <strong>the</strong> satisfaction of <strong>the</strong>Court that he himself exercised and used all possible means of checking that his shipwas seaworthy.He had <strong>the</strong> registered Lloyd’s surveyor and his own surveyor report that <strong>the</strong> shipwas seaworthy and also he has proved to <strong>the</strong> satisfaction of <strong>the</strong> Court that he had employeda reputable firm of ship repairers. In all <strong>the</strong>se circumstances, <strong>the</strong> shipownerhad done everything which was possible to make sure that his ship was seaworthy.Therefore it was almost beyond his means to discover <strong>the</strong> existing defect.For <strong>the</strong>se reasons <strong>the</strong> Greek delegation will support <strong>the</strong> British proposal in principle.[201]M. Le Président. A la demande de plusieurs membres de la commission, je vouspropose de suspendre la séance, 10 minutes, pour permettre à ceux qui le désirent,d’assister à la cérémonie du changement de la garde au Palais royal.- La séance est suspendue à 11 h. 55.- Elle est reprise à 12 h. 15.M. Le Président. Quelqu’un demande-t-il encore la parole sur l’amendement britannique?M. Prodromidés (France). Je serai extrêmement bref, pour répondre à deux pointsque j’ai notés dans le remarquable exposé de M. Miller. M. Miller a dit tout d’abordque la protection du transporteur par le cas excepté du viche caché, n’est pas suffisante,parce que les décisions admettant l’existence d’un vice caché sont assez rares.En France, elles ne sont pas rares. Nous avons pas mal de décisions où le transporteura été mis hors de cause, parce qu’on a considéré qu’il y avait un vice caché.Si, d’un autre côté, le vice caché devient de plus en plus rare, grâce aux procédéstechniques qui permettent de découvrir le vice, c’est une raison de plus pour que l’armateurexerce véritablement la due diligence, pour le découvrir.M. Miller a présenté une deuxième observation et c’est à celle-là que je voudraisrépondre. Il a dit: avant la convention de 1924, les armateurs avaient la liberté contractuelle.Ils pouvaient stipuler toutes sortes d’exonérations de responsabilité et en particulier,ils auraient pu stipuler une clause d’après laquelle ils ne seraient pas responsablesdans un cas comme celui du “Muncaster Castle”.

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