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the travaux préparatoires hague rules hague-visby rules - Comite ...

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PART II - HAGUE RULES 285Article 3 (6) - Notice of loss or damagesubsister le compromis telle qu’il a étéconclu. Si nous autres, Délégués anglais,nous devions rentrer dans notre pays enrapportant une modification à ce compromis,j’ai bien peur de l’accueil qu’onnous ferait. Nous avons pouvoir de signersans réserves, la convention relativeà ces règles, pourvu qu’il n’y ait pas dechangements importants. Or, je seraisobligé de considérer un changement àcette règle comme constituant une modificationsubstantielle et je vous avoueque je désire beaucoup pouvoir signer laConvention.M. Ripert. - Je désire répondre unmot à Sir Leslie Scott, qui dit que l’article6 résulte d’un compromis entre armateurset chargeurs. Je lui ferai observerqu’il est cependant nécessaire, dans cecompromis, de tenir un peu compte denos législations continentales et du pointde vue pratique. Je fais deux grosses objectionsau paragraphe 6 qui exige que ledestinataire proteste immédiatement enrecevant les marchandises et par écrit.Chez nous, on lui accorde un délai devingt-quatre heures, et, s’il s’agit d’avariesnon apparentes, je me demandecomment il pourra faire une protestationimmédiate? A ce point de vue donc, leréceptionnaire est complètement défavorisépar rapport au droit actuel, et, trèscertainement, nous entendrions des protestationstrès vives de la part des chargeurssi nous disions qu’ils ne pourrontplus réclamer contre l’armateur au casoù, en recevant la marchandise, ils n’ontpas protesté par écrit.Seconde objection: en revanche, leparagraphe 6 permet à un réceptionnairequi a reçu sans protestation de faire toujoursla preuve contraire, puisque la réceptionne constitue qu’une présomptionprima facie. Or, pour les avaries nonapparentes, on pourra toujours établirqu’au moment où on a reçu le colis ilétait en bon état, mais qu’il s’est révéléensuite des dégâts qu’on fera constaterhuit jours après par huissier. Dans ce cas,notre législation établit que si l’on n’a pasagi dans le mois, l’action est périmée. Dumoins, l’armateur sait, qu’au delà de cecompromise, I fear for <strong>the</strong> welcome weshall receive. We have <strong>the</strong> power to sign,with reservation, <strong>the</strong> convention in relationto <strong>the</strong>se <strong>rules</strong> provided that <strong>the</strong>re areno major changes. However, I would beobliged to consider a change to this ruleas a substantial change and I vow to youthat it is very much my desire to be ableto sign <strong>the</strong> convention.Mr. Ripert. - I should like to reply toSir Leslie Scott, who says that paragraph6 results from a compromise betweenshipowners and shippers. I would pointout to him that it is necessary, however,in this compromise to take somewhat intoaccount our Continental legislationsand to assume a practical standpoint. Ihave two major objections to paragraph6, which demands that <strong>the</strong> receiversshould protest immediately on receipt of<strong>the</strong> goods and do so in writing. Underour law, he is allowed 24 hours for this. Ifit were a question of non-apparent damages,I wonder how he would be able tomake such an immediate claim? Fromthis vantage point <strong>the</strong> receiver is completelydisadvantaged in relation to <strong>the</strong>law as it stands. We would most certainlyhear very lively protests from <strong>the</strong> shippersif we were to say <strong>the</strong>y would not beable to claim against <strong>the</strong> shipowner in<strong>the</strong> case where, on receipt of <strong>the</strong> goods,<strong>the</strong>y did not put <strong>the</strong>ir protests in writing.Second objection: On <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>rhand, paragraph 6 allows a receiver whohas received without protest always tooffer contrary evidence, because <strong>the</strong> receiptonly constitutes prima facie evidence.So, for non-apparent damages wecan always establish that at <strong>the</strong> timewhen a package was received it was ingood condition, but that it later turnedout to be damaged and that this can bemade known a week later by an officer of<strong>the</strong> court. In this case, our legislationprovides that if one has not acted within<strong>the</strong> month <strong>the</strong>n <strong>the</strong> suit is no longervalid. At least <strong>the</strong> shipowner knows thatbeyond this period <strong>the</strong>re is no fur<strong>the</strong>rclaim to be feared. But, if we adhere to<strong>the</strong> proposed text, <strong>the</strong> shipowner will re-

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