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the travaux préparatoires hague rules hague-visby rules - Comite ...

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PART II - HAGUE RULES 491Article 4 (5) - Limits of liabilityque l’équivalent dans une autre monnaies’entend de la valeur en chiffres ronds.M. Sohr dit que si M. Ripert trouvequ’en pratique la disposition quant aucours du change est inutile c’est parceque, dans la plupart des cas, le navire iradécharger dans un Etat contractant.Mais si un navire anglais chargé de marchandisesfrançaises va décharger enChine, qui, par hypothèse, n’est pas unEtat contractant, c’est la convention quisera applicable et, au moment où l’onpaiera l’avarie, il faudra que l’on sacheque la £ ou les francs français devrontêtre payés au cours du jour dans le portchinois.M. Ripert estime que tout naturellementce devrait être le cours de la livreoret du franc-or.Sir Leslie Scott ne voit pas la nécessitéde modifier quoi que ce soit à cet articlesur lequel l’accord avait existé jusqu’ici.Il n’est pas nécessaire à son avisd’ajouter “en chiffres ronds”.M. Bagge estime qu’il faut stipulerdans la convention qu’il s’agit d’une valeur-orpuisque autrement la loi suédoise,par exemple, ne pourra pas fixer unchiffre en couronnes suédoises. Pourqu’il y ait une stabilité absolue dans la valeurde la £, il faut qu’il s’agisse des £ or,et non pas des £ papier.M. Loder constate qu’en pratique celarevient au même.Sir Leslie Scott admet qu’il ya unedifférence: en mettant “valeur-or” onaugmente la limite de responsabilité de5%: il tient essentiellement à ce que lesarmateurs anglais restent libres de nepayer que £ 100 anglaises et non pas £100 en or ce qui fait réellement £ 105.M. Beecher rappelle que, à proposde l’article 15 de la convention sur la limitationde la responsabilité, il a été admisque non seulement dans les Etats oùla £ n’est pas l’unité monétaire, maisqu’en Grande-Bretagne également, laconversion des £ se ferait en chiffresronds; de cette façon, les différences signaléesdisparaîtront et on pourra doncpayer £ 100 en billets de banque.M. le Président signale qu’il est untioning in <strong>the</strong> proceedings that <strong>the</strong>equivalent in ano<strong>the</strong>r currency was understoodas <strong>the</strong> value in round figures.Mr. Sohr said that if Mr. Ripert foundthat in practice <strong>the</strong> provision as to <strong>the</strong>rate of exchange was useless it was becausein <strong>the</strong> majority of cases <strong>the</strong> shipwould be going to discharge in a contractingState. But if an English shiploaded with French goods unloaded inChina, which was ex hypo<strong>the</strong>si not acontracting State, it was <strong>the</strong> conventionthat would be applicable and at <strong>the</strong> timewhen one paid for <strong>the</strong> damage it wouldbe necessary to know whe<strong>the</strong>r <strong>the</strong> poundor French francs ought to be paid at thatday’s rate in <strong>the</strong> Chinese port.Mr. Ripert felt that naturally it oughtto be <strong>the</strong> rate of <strong>the</strong> gold pound or <strong>the</strong>gold franc.Sir Leslie Scott did not see <strong>the</strong> necessityfor altering whatever it was in this articleon which <strong>the</strong> agreement had existeduntil now. It was not necessary in hisopinion to add “in round figures”.Mr. Bagge felt that it was necessary tostipulate in <strong>the</strong> Convention that it was amatter of a gold-value because o<strong>the</strong>rwiseSwedish law, for example, would not beable to set a figure in Swedish kroner. Inorder that <strong>the</strong>re should be absolute stabilityin <strong>the</strong> value of <strong>the</strong> pound, it wasnecessary to deal in gold pounds and notin paper pounds.Mr. Loder stated that in practice itcame to <strong>the</strong> same.Sir Leslie Scott thought <strong>the</strong>re was adifference. By including “value in gold”,<strong>the</strong> limit of liability was being raised by5%. It came down essentially to <strong>the</strong> Englishshipowners being free to pay only100 English pounds and not 100 goldpounds, which would actually be £105.Mr. Beecher mentioned that à proposof article 15 of <strong>the</strong> Convention on<strong>the</strong> limitation of liability, it had been admittedthat not only in <strong>the</strong> States where<strong>the</strong> pound was not <strong>the</strong> unit of currency,but also in Great Britain, <strong>the</strong> conversionof pounds would be made in round figures.In this way <strong>the</strong> differences indicatedwould disappear, and one would be

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