Sociolinguistics and Language Education.pdf

524 Part 6: Language and Interaction
5. It is not hard to see the relevance of questioning or rising intonation. A question
establishes a next position for a response of some kind: an answer or a confi rmation.
While downwardly intoned, assertive repeats may elicit responses,
they do not seem to invite responses in the same way.
6. I call these ‘penultimate stress repeats’ because this is where the stress occurs
in multi-syllabic words – see, for instance, Virginia’s ‘allowance’ in example 15.
And notice that speakers can insert syllables so as to make such repeats possible
for words composed of a single syllable – so, for example, ‘green’ can
become ‘gree-een’.
Suggestions for further reading
Gardner, R. and Wagner, J. (eds) (2004) Second Language Conversations. London,
New York: Continuum.
An interesting collection of studies focused on conversations involving non-native
speakers of various languages.
Sacks, H. (1995a) Lectures on Conversation (vol. I & II). Malden: Blackwell.
Sacks’ lectures from 1964 to 1972 given to undergradutae classes at the University
of California, Los Angeles and Irvine. Illustrates Sacks’ unique approach, which
involved addressing fundamental questions of sociology and anthropology through
attention to the details of ordinary conversation. Essential reading.
Sacks, H., Schegloff, E.A. and Jefferson, G. (1974) A simplest systematics for the
organization of turn-taking for conversation. Language 50, 696–735.
This classic study of turn-taking in ordinary conversation exhibits the more technical
approach to CA. The account of turn-taking provides a key resource for all
sub sequent CA studies. The article also discusses a number of important ideas
(e.g. adjacency pairs, recipient design) whose relevance extends beyond turn-taking
to other domains of interactional organization.
Schegloff, E.A. (1997b) Practices and actions: Boundary cases of other-initiated
repair. Discourse Processes 23, 499–545.
A exceptionally clear discussion of other-initiated repair and the conversation analytic
use of collections.
Sidnell, J. (2010) Conversation Analysis: An Introduction. Malden: Blackwell.
An overview of the methods and key fi ndings on CA focusing on the foundational
studies of Sacks, Schegloff and Jefferson. Individual chapters cover ‘Turn-taking’,
‘Action and understanding’, ‘Repair’, ‘Topic’, and so on.
References
Brouwer, C. (2004) Doing pronunciation: A specifi c type of repair sequence. In
R. Gardner and J. Wagner (eds) Second Language Conversations (pp. 93–113).
London and New York: Continuum.
Carroll, D. (2004) Restarts in novice turn beginnings: Disfl uencies or interactional
achievements. In R. Gardner and J. Wagner (eds) Second Language Conversations
(pp. 201–220). London and New York: Continuum.
Drew, P. (1981) Adults’ corrections of children’s mistakes. In P. French and
M. MacLure (eds) Adult-Child Conversations (pp. 244–267). London: Croom
Helm.
Drew, P. and Heritage, J. (1992) Analyzing talk at work: An introduction. In P. Drew
and J. Heritage (eds) Talk at Work: Interaction in Institutional Settings (pp. 3–65).
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.