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<strong>Language</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Education</strong>: A Limpopo Lens 563<br />

informed educators, like those depicted <strong>and</strong> exhorted in this volume, open<br />

up ideological <strong>and</strong> implementational space for multilingualism <strong>and</strong> social<br />

justice, from the bottom-up.<br />

Notes<br />

1. I am grateful to Esther Ramani <strong>and</strong> Michael Joseph for inviting me to sojourn<br />

with them, <strong>and</strong> for their unstinting generosity <strong>and</strong> collegial collaborations<br />

throughout the visit <strong>and</strong> since. My thanks also to the Fulbright Senior Specialist<br />

program for sponsoring my visit.<br />

2. Throughout this chapter, I will refer to other chapters within the volume by<br />

author’s last name only.<br />

References<br />

Abi-Nader, J. (1990) ‘A house for my mother’: Motivating Hispanic high school<br />

students. Anthropology <strong>and</strong> <strong>Education</strong> Quarterly, 21, 41–58.<br />

Blackledge, A. <strong>and</strong> Creese, A. (2009) Multilingualism. London: Continuum.<br />

Bloch, C. <strong>and</strong> Alex<strong>and</strong>er, N. (2003) A luta continua!: The relevance of the continua<br />

of biliteracy to South African multilingual schools. In N.H. Hornberger (ed.)<br />

Continua of Biliteracy: An Ecological Framework for <strong>Education</strong>al Policy, Research, <strong>and</strong><br />

Practice in Multilingual Settings (pp. 91–121). Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.<br />

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Debates (pp. 1–38). Berlin: Mouton.<br />

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<strong>and</strong> competence. In S. Makoni <strong>and</strong> A. Pennycook (eds) Disinventing <strong>and</strong><br />

Reconstituting <strong>Language</strong>s (pp. 233–239). Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.<br />

Cope, W. <strong>and</strong> Kalantzis, M. (1993) The Powers of Literacy: A Genre Approach to<br />

Teaching Writing. London: Falmer Press.<br />

Creese, A. <strong>and</strong> Blackledge, A. (2008) Flexible bilingualism in heritage language<br />

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Granville, S., Janks, H., Mphahlele, M., Reed, Y., Watson, P., Joseph, M. <strong>and</strong> Ramani,<br />

E. (1998) English with or without g(u)ilt: A position paper on language in education<br />

policy for South Africa. <strong>Language</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Education</strong> 12 (4), 254–272.<br />

Halliday, M.A.K. (1975) Learning How to Mean: Explorations in the Development of<br />

<strong>Language</strong>. London: Edward Arnold.<br />

Hornberger, N.H. (1989) Continua of biliteracy. Review of <strong>Education</strong>al Research<br />

59 (3), 271–296.<br />

Hornberger, N.H. (1990) Creating successful learning contexts for bilingual literacy.<br />

Teachers College Record 92 (2), 212–229.<br />

Hornberger, N.H. (ed.) (1996) Indigenous Literacies in the Americas: <strong>Language</strong> Planning<br />

from the Bottom Up. Berlin: Mouton.<br />

Hornberger, N.H. (2002) Multilingual language policies <strong>and</strong> the continua of<br />

biliteracy: An ecological approach. <strong>Language</strong> Policy 1 (1), 27–51.<br />

Hornberger, N.H. (ed.) (2003) Continua of Biliteracy: An Ecological Framework for<br />

<strong>Education</strong>al Policy, Research <strong>and</strong> Practice in Multilingual Settings. Clevedon:<br />

Multilingual Matters.<br />

Hornberger, N.H. <strong>and</strong> Skilton-Sylvester, E. (2000) Revisiting the continua of biliteracy:<br />

International <strong>and</strong> critical perspectives. <strong>Language</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Education</strong>: An<br />

International Journal 14 (2), 96–122.

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