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<strong>Child</strong> PornograPhy First report oF the Dutch NatioNal rapporteur
individuals who possess child abuse material to individuals who produce such material, had once again
failed to be achieved. Achieving this shift in focus was still presenting difficulties in many regions. In
regions that placed a focus on the production of material, the focus of investigations shifted to abuse.
In other regions, this was not the case, partly as a result of a lack of capacity. The second monitor also
stressed the importance of co-operation with other partners in the chain.
2.4.2 Domestic violence
Up until this point, initiatives have been described that are directed solely towards tackling child pornography,
and these have predominantly involved measures taking effect in the digital world. However,
the production of child abuse material usually also involves sexual violence against children. Sexual
violence may form a component of domestic violence – a topic that also falls within the remit of the
Ministry of Security and Justice. The coming passages will devote attention to this topic, which has a
predominantly analogue perspective.
Domestic violence is violence that is committed by an individual from the family circle surrounding the
victim. That circle may comprise partners and ex-partners, family members, relatives and family friends.
It involves various forms of violence, such as assault and threats of violence, but also stalking and sexual
violence (including forced sex, forcing sexual acts to be performed, and rape). 100
The results of an investigation 101 carried out by order of the Ministry of Justice in 1997 formed the basis
for the plan to tackle domestic violence. From this investigation, it emerged that 27% of those interviewed
had at one stage been a victim of domestic violence that manifested itself on a weekly or daily
basis. However, the intensity of the violence seemed to be higher amongst women than men. In addition
to this, violence directed towards women took a sexual nature more often than the violence directed
towards men. Only 12% of the victims had reported the violence to the police, and in only half of these
cases was a report eventually followed up by an investigation .102
In 2000, a national project ‘To prevent and combat domestic violence’ [‘Voorkomen en bestrijden huiselijk
geweld’] was launched, which set out to form a link between policy frameworks. The approach that was
chosen produced the following results, amongst others. 103 The organisations that were taking part in the
project were encouraged to promote, within their own ranks, the measures to tackle domestic violence.
A large, national network also came into existence. The responsibility for tackling domestic violence was
not limited to a single ministry. The Minister for Health, Welfare and Sport had made ‘domestic violence’
a topic of the collective prevention policy for health. The Ministry of Justice, the Ministry of Health, Welfare
and Sport and the Ministry of Education, Culture and Science had also developed specific products
themselves, such as self-defence training sessions, brochures and the website for domestic violence.
In 2002, the topic of domestic violence formed part of government policy by means of the government
memorandum ‘Privé geweld, publieke zaak’ [‘Private violence, public matter’]. 104 The memorandum dealt
100 Parliamentary Papers II 2010/11, 28 345, no.109.
101 Van Dijk et al., 1997. See also Römkens, 2000.
102 Ministry of Justice, 2002b.
103 Ministry of Justice, 2002b.
104 Ministry of Justice, 2002b.