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<strong>Child</strong> PornograPhy First report oF the Dutch NatioNal rapporteur
sion – which is used on a voluntary basis – will contribute to a form of Internet governance. 825 As it is
expected that the administrators of these sites need to comply with conditions that set out that measures
should be actively taken to combat child abuse material, the extension may be able to contribute to its
reduction. 826
Financial and mobile phone service providers
The challenges faced by those involved in tackling child pornography include the new methods of payment
on the Internet and the transition from the use of ‘home PCs’ (desktops) to ‘mobile PCs’ on GSMs
(see §1.4.1.2). The European Financial Coalition against Commercial Sexual Exploitation of <strong>Child</strong>ren
Online (EFC) is a European public-private sector partnership, in which (inter)national investigative authorities
and companies from various sectors are putting a stop to child abuse materialthat is produced
and distributed commercially. In addition to the Dutch police force and the Ministry of Security & Justice,
financial service providers – such as credit card companies and suppliers of pay systems – and software
developers, as well as lawyers and NGOs, are involved in the EFC. The EFC is also seeking involvement
with similar initiatives from investigative authorities, such as Circamp, which is a European partnership.
827 One of EFC’s objectives is to analyse the nature and extent of material that is produced and
distributed on a commercial basis, and to devise interventions to decrease the demand and availability
of such commercial child abuse material. 828
The Mobile Alliance against <strong>Child</strong> Sexual Abuse Content (MACSAC) was founded in 2008 by members
of the GSM Association (GSMA) in order to combat child pornography via mobile telephones and networks.
The alliance intends to achieve this by preventing users from accessing websites featuring child
abuse material, applying a notice and take-down regulation (NTD) to services of members of the alliance
and by promoting the use of hotlines. 829 The potential is huge: the members of the alliance have
hundreds of millions of users. Telephone service companies in operation in the Netherlands are also
members of MACSAC. The Mobile Alliance demonstrates that it is also possible for various collaborative
associations to work together. The alliance cooperates with the American Financial Coalition against
<strong>Child</strong> <strong>Pornography</strong>, for example. GSMA, the co-ordinating organisation, is a partner of the British Internet
Watch Foundation (IWF) and works together with INHOPE, the co-ordinating organisation of
hotlines. 830
825 ‘Why ICANN’s Approval of the XXX domain is an important precedent’, Milton Mueller, 19 March 2011,
blog.internetgovernance.org/blog/_archives/2011/3/19/4775146.html (viewed 12 August 2011).
826 See ‘18 March 2011 Draft Rationale for Approving Registry Agreement with ICM’s for.XXX sTLD’, ICANN,
18 March 2011, www.icann.org/en/minutes/draft-icm-rationale-18mar11-en.pdf (viewed 12 August 2011).
827 See circamp.eu/ (viewed 10 August 2011).
828 European Financial Coalition, 2010.
829 www.gsmworld.com/our-work/public-policy/mobile_alliance.htm, (viewed 30 May 2011). NTD regulations
describe how private individuals and companies in the online sector deal with complaints
(notice) regarding illegal content, such as child abuse images, on the Internet. The response to such a
complaint usually involves the material being taken down by a party that is responsible for this (take
down). An example of a voluntary NTD regulation can be found on www.ecp-epn.nl/werkgroep-noticeand-takedown
(viewed 14 June, 2011).
830 See www.gsmworld.com/documents/GSMA_Inhope_07_09_10.pdf.