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Introduction
but also the extent to which any abusive context is taken into account in other forms of intervention relating
to sexual violence against children, such as prevention, identification and registration and care provision
for victims. With regard to certain elements, it is not possible to make an explicit distinction in relation
to child pornography within the broad context of sexual violence against children, as we do not have
that reference framework. We also assessed the extent to which policy and implementation incorporate
the complexity and in particular the variation within the phenomenon in initiatives and actual actions.
Perpetrators, victims and technology
The figure below shows how the three aspects of child pornography – perpetrators, victims and technology
24 – relate to one another. It also shows the relationship with other forms of sexual violence against
children.
Figure 0.1 Perpetrators, victims and technology
(Potential) perpetrators
Possession
and distribution
of child abuse
material
Tracking in
human beings,
sexual oences,
sexual abuse,
child abuse
Production of
child abuse
material
<strong>Child</strong> abuse/
sexual abuse
Technology
(child abuse material
and means of production,
distribution and possession)
(Potential) victims
The capacity of being a perpetrator, victimisation and technology converge in the dark-blue area in the
form of the production of child abuse material. The light-blue areas indicate the routes by which such
activity is identified and addressed. A few illustrative examples are as follows: Where perpetrators and
technology overlap one another, the police may suspect individuals of possessing or distributing material,
but potential victims are not yet known. It may be the case, however, that an individual is not only
viewing the material but is also found to be producing it. If that is the case, we find ourselves back in
the dark-blue area. When victims and technology (material) overlap one another, the question – as far
as bodies that are responsible for the child’s care (such as AMK, Youth Care Agency or community care
services) are concerned – is whether they are also taking account of indications of victimisation from
24 Technology in this case consists of child abuse material on the one hand and (information and communication)
technology (ICT) on the other hand, which is used in the production, distribution and for
possession of such material; see §1.4.1.
25