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224 <strong>Child</strong> PornograPhy First report oF the Dutch NatioNal rapporteur different groups of offenders, such as ‘lover boys’ and ‘multiple offenders’. 570 (Convicted) sex offenders do not constitute a separate group of offenders. Experiences of sex offenders are possibly included in the ‘former detainees’ group of offenders. Safety Houses In Safety Houses, authorities – local councils, the police, the Public Prosecution Service, the <strong>Child</strong> Care and Protection Board, and probation and after-care organisations and welfare agencies – work together in one location for the purposes of detection, prosecution and the provision of assistance. The partners in the chain point out problems, devise solutions, and implement these solutions together. Work processes are coordinated, so that criminal law and care complement each other. Efforts are made to change behaviour, reduce the likelihood of re-offending and improve the quality of life of the (sex) offender. Work is carried out with a specific focus on the offender, area and problem. 571 Safety Houses got off the ground on a local level and are consequently tailored to specific local situations. 572 The first Safety House in the Netherlands (in Tilburg) specifically sought to connect with victims by including ‘the provision of adequate care to victims’ in its objectives. 573 Safety Houses are also able seek a connection with the Regional Action Plan against <strong>Child</strong> Abuse (RAK, see §2.5.2) 574 . Organisations and institutions provide a contribution to the operation of the Safety House from their own tasks and responsibilities. During the cooperative activities in the Safety House, specific problems can become apparent to certain partners during implementation or in legislation and regulations. It remains the responsibility of the partner(s) concerned to take the necessary measures to deal with these problems. 575 A designated partner within the chain is responsible for supervising the implementation. This can present problems, in practice, because it is possible that the demands and understandings of the organisations that are involved may differ. The Tilburg Safety House is striving for a clear supervision of the implementation by means of a pilot. 576 One party creates the master plan and the other parties provide a particular part of the product. 577 Such clear division of roles and supervision that is more centralised has aspects in common with the British Multiple- Agency Public Protection Arrangements (MAPPA) described in §3.6.3.2, where the probation and after-care organisations are the ones that make decisions about the way in which sex offenders are supervised. Furthermore, the Tilburg Safety House has put together a scenario team, to be deployed whenever there is a threat of social unrest in a sexual abuse case. 578 These scenario teams exist in various regions. 579 (The working procedure of) the scenario team in Friesland is described below. 570 See www.veiligheidshuizen.nl/achtergrond (viewed 16 August 2011). 571 See www.veiligheidshuizen.nl/achtergrond (viewed 26 July 2011). 572 See www.veiligheidshuizen.nl/achtergrond/inrichting (viewed 26 July 2011). 573 Tilburg Care and Safety House, 2010, pp.13, 19. 574 Berenschot & Verwey-Jonker Instituut, 2011, pp. 22, 37, 43. 575 See www.veiligheidshuizen.nl/achtergrond/inrichting/Rollen (viewed 26 July 2011). 576 Ministry of Justice, 2009, p.5. 577 Ministry of Justice, 2009, p.7. 578 Tilburg Care and Safety House, 2010, p.21. 579 See, for example: ‘Scenario seksuele kindermishandeling en maatschappelijke onrust’ [Scenario for sexual child abuse and social unrest] from GGD Noord- en Midden Limburg at: www.seksueelgeweld.info/doc/allescenarios290606concept.doc (viewed 26 July 2011).
Implementation Friesland scenario team Since 2006, municipalities in Friesland have had scenario teams at their disposal. These teams are multidisciplinary and support local authorities, the Public Prosecution Service and the police in their efforts to limit social unrest. 580 Depending on the type of case, a specific team of specialists is compiled that takes the various interests involved in the crisis into consideration. For example, in the case of sexual offences involving young children, the Municipal Health Service not only takes the social commotion in the village into account, but also takes the individual provision of assistance to the young victims into consideration. The advantages and disadvantages of specific interventions are weighed up for each situation. Various interests play a role in this. For example, an informative meeting can help reduce unrest amongst parents. At the same time, a large meeting can give children the impression that there is something really serious at hand, because all the parents have been gathered together in a hurry. This presents the risk that the children will consider the crisis to be increasing in size rather than decreasing in size. A standard scenario is available for the return of sex offenders to society. But it is also possible, in situations where a criminal investigation is underway and a large amount of uncertainty exists in the society regarding the facts, that the scenario will also provide results. Based on past experiences, steps are set in motion from the time of the report/declaration up to the end of the hearings of witnesses, the phase between the hearing and possible arrest of suspects, up to and including the conclusion of the investigation and up to the legal proceedings and the possible release of suspects. 581 3.6.3.2 Phases in the integrated approach Each of the phases described below represents a period or an area requiring special attention during and for the purpose of after-care and supervision of offenders. These relate to detection, prosecution and trial, diagnosis and recommendations, treatment, supervision, and registration and notification, respectively. The interventions described here form the sum total of measures and the actors that are responsible for them, which, when taken together, would be able to contribute to an integrated approach, and are required to do so. 582 Within each of the phases, various actors may have different interests that sometimes go hand in hand, but are sometimes conflicting. For example, informing mayors with the intention of combating social disruption can sometimes stand in the way of the supervision of sex offenders. The enforcement of sentences may also hinder treatment that has already been set in motion. Including perpetrators on registers in order to serve the interests of victims may violate the rights of convicted perpetrators. As part of the discussion of the various elements, we will also examine how much attention is devoted to problematic internet use by perpetrators of child pornography. 580 The following definition is employed in Friesland as a working definition of social unrest for serious violent offences: “Severe concern and emotional responses by (various) groups of people as a result of a shocking event – a serious violent offence – in which there is a risk of escalation, disturbance of public order and safety, and an increase in the problems related to this event.” 581 This text is largely based on Partoer CMO Fryslan & GGD Fryslan (2006) and www.burgemeesters.nl/ scenarioteams (viewed 26 July 2011). 582 Center for sex offender management, 2007a; Center for sex offender management, 2007b. Smallbone (2008, p.210) states the following as offender-oriented, tertiary prevention strategies: identification and detection, specific deterrence, general and selective incapacitation, and rehabilitation. 225
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0 Table of Contents Table of Conten
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Table of Contents 3.5.4.4 Character
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0 Overview of figures and tables Fi
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0 Abbreviations used ABRvS Afdeling
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Abbreviations used EU European Unio
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NIP Nederlands Instituut van Psycho
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Trb. Tractatenblad Treaty Series UK
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Appendix Appendix 1: COPINE scale A
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342 Score 1 Score 2 Scale 12 Attitu
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