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Implementation
Situational prevention within an institutional context 70
Organisations that specifically target their activities at children are classed as organisations within an institutional
context. Examples of such organisations include sport clubs, children’s day nurseries, schools and
young offenders’ prisons. Perpetrators within the institutional context 71 are usually volunteers or staff members
of the organisation concerned. 72 The ‘Toolkit in veilige handen’ [Toolkit in safe hands] relating to prevention
of sexual abuse of minors in the volunteer effort sector was developed by the Association of Dutch Voluntary
Effort Organisations [Vereniging Nederlandse Organisaties Vrijwilligerswerk] in conjunction with the social development
organisation Movisie, NOC*NSF [Dutch Olympic Committee*Dutch Sport Federation] and Scouting
Nederland. 73 The toolkit contains a 13-step plan for making organisations safe. Many of the thirteen steps
focus upon situation prevention measures, such as introducing a code of conduct, drawing up a risk analysis
and creating a safe environment. The toolkit can be downloaded free of charge, and features other tools such
as a model code of conduct, which explicitly makes reference to the criminalisation of child pornography. 74
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Amongst their other findings, the Gunning Committee established that, with respect to day nurseries,
there were far too many opportunities for adults to be alone with children. 75 Further to this consideration,
the Committee made a number of recommendations suitable for application within the institutional
context. For example, it has proposed that day nurseries should draw up a code of conduct, in
which it is stipulated that photographs shall only be edited on and distributed from the computer at
the day nursery, via a secure Internet application, and that parents must provide written permission for
photographs of their child to be used. 76 However, the Committee does not advocate the systematic use of
cameras in group rooms, on the one hand because this will be less conducive to spontaneity with respect
70 Article 9 of the Lanzarote Convention calls upon the Parties to the Convention to involve the private
sector and civil society in the development and implementation of policy to tackle sexual exploitation
and sexual abuse (Lanzarote Convention), Lanzarote, 25 October 2007, Treaty Series 2008, 58; Parliamentary
Papers 2008/09, 31 808, no.3, p.6.
71 This also includes foster care. For further information regarding sexual abuse in youth care institutions
and in foster care, see the progress reports by the Samson Committee: www.onderzoek-seksueel-kindermisbruik.nl/documenten/
(viewed 22 August 2011). In its fourth public report, the Samson Committee’s
findings included the following: “Perpetrators of sexual abuse in the institutions are – in most
cases – the professionals, and in foster families, they are the foster fathers.” See Samson (2011), Fourth
public report p.3.
72 Smallbone et al., 2008, p.167.
73 See the website In veilige handen, www.inveiligehanden.nl (viewed 1 July 2011).
74 See the website of Vereniging Nederlandse Organisaties Vrijwilligerswerk, www.nov.nl/NOV/docs/In_veilige_
handen/In-veilige-handen-2/Bijlage6-InVeiligeHanden-modelgedragscode-medewerkers.pdf (viewed
1 July 2011).
75 Gunning et al., 2011, p.11. This conclusion relates to the day nurseries in question in Amsterdam. However,
the recommendations of the Gunning Committee are aimed at the childcare sector as a whole:
“The task of the committee of inquiry is to investigate all facts and circumstances in relation to the
question of how the (potential) abuse of children was able to take place in the day nurseries concerned
and via the Internet child-minding service(s) concerned. The investigation will also focus upon childcare
in general.” Gunning et al., 2011, p.9.
76 Gunning et al., 2011, p.147.
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