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~.Ol 002 002 002 002 002 002 o OJ 0)] o OJ o OJ 004 004 104 04 '00 1990-91 Q( 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 KUfiladl project 239 309 288 792 1055 952 54349:2. 1990-91 000 000 253 om 966 3921 1785 102S 3 17 1732 191814 C}J/IIIJrplcha 000 000 000 000 000 ooc 000 000 000 000 o I() o I() 1997-98 2.18 283 372 723 965 ~3 33 1014 968 11 76 5954 21 1997-98 000 000 248 000 829 3542 1865 732 234 2549 278151 182469 197387 198 2028 20548 222082 230627 235589 239901 242636 24678( 249: 241 1206 1984-85 1985-8' 1089-9(} I '>9()-01 1991-02 1992-93 1'1')3-04 1995-% 1997-98 1998-99 1_-Of.1 061 511 5 35 740 775 950 1116 H 2l 10 76 18 ~5 10 -7 10 2067 2162 18% J796 2313 2271 2102 2036 1955 2022 4099 849 7R4 781 7bJ 754 7 J9 121 (,07 7 (}O 674 662 (, 54 677 1579 10 1656 1626 1563 1505 1473 1447 1411 1453 1435 1485 000 3 3 J( 19 29 298 290 28' 273 268 265 0' 49 J7 12 J(, 44 JJ fl) 32h7 13 Source GOI\... M IntS\1!- o( f- Inance. PerfOrmanLL' 'tudgct <strong>of</strong> the irngatlon Department. 19')0·91 and 10()()-O 1 ApPtndi,: !Ii.J: Hn.nC'ialln"~slmcnt In Irril.!Mtion [lfojrch- ,hue <strong>of</strong> 1m or1an'romponC'nl. /'m"f,a I'roll'a () fXI 3 32 3 34' 34. 36; ~oo 000 100 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 0.00 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 )00 000 000 000 000 A"njlraplI:ha proJeo /990· fn /997-98 /990·9/ 1997-98 I InvestigatIOn () 55 033 016 2 LandaCQUlsltlon 1186 821 718 3 Bulldln2S [) 8y; 087 071 4 CommunicatIOns 056 041 020 5 Head \\'orl..s J bb 5 07 1 27 ~6-,~~1-",",,,-,n-,-,a~n",a~I'~ _____ -l ___ ~2,-j:..cj:'C(',+ ___ o 14 759 075 091 177 .!1-,,8-,,8~2 + ___ ~J'!:.R~f,-, +-... _ _____ '_7_"_4 _ 7 Uram:h cmal~ X 'ih h 87 20 y~ ~() 51 8DISlrIbulancs ~I)U 2918 15_77 1565 9 Field boothles 89) 655 066 064 10 Dlrecll0n&admm 1713 2369 1330 1410 TOIaI (Rs lakh'l 280'1') 78 4999608 5817 51 6('38 98 Apll~ndil: ~.J Financiallnnslment in IriIPRtion proj('("ls- sharf <strong>of</strong> Important componenls (Conld~ ('oil/pone,,' J l'a=hUHI pruJect 1990-91 1997-98 o 2J o 16 1605 890 726 I 91 168 078 056 1841 1606 Jot) I II
ArlPcndil: ~.J: "'inanchtllnnstmrnlln IrrlKlltlon proje£fs· shllrr <strong>of</strong> 1m ortant ('omponrnls ( 'onld,,) ("omponl!lIfs !dama!ayar project l\(Jraprcha \,(If(e,~' ~ 'amanapuram 19911-91 1991-98 1990-91 / VY7·98 1991l-91 1991-98 I Investlgauon () 63 028 O~I 014 1086 lb7 2 Land aCQuISitIOn 520 729 J4 45 538 799 952 3 llulld111gS 2 :!S IJ4 444 I 5~ 393 1408 ~ Communication" 000 000 J ~(J 047 000 021 5 HCJd \\or~s ~ .. hJ 1856 1691 51 1>2 5'l() 6.92 6 Main canals o ()O 6288 2~ 82 3202 068 196 7 Branch (an;lls 000 000 000 2.60 0.00 000 8 Dlslnbutarll!s 000 0.00 000 000 000 000 9 Field booulles 2983 000 000 000 000 000 10 Dlrect10n & admm 743 925 953 568 7065 6) 62 Total (Rs lalhs) ,562 51 7542 II 208401 14817 28 34070 101937 ApJl('ndi,: !i.J: HnJlndolln"'('~lIn('nt In JrriJ:AUon projecl'· 'hare or 1m ortnnt componfnh (Contd .. ) ( '1II11/'Olt'"B ".Iet'nael,,/ J'al/~v ( 'IUllllrlll'lIffon! Aftoppady /VV(J.IJI 19P7·98 1990·91 /fJfJ7.fJ8 /r;rJO.9/ 1997·98 I In ... estlgath.m b
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, ECONOMICS OF ON-FARM DEVELOPMENT:
Page 3 and 4:
DEC LARA TION I declare that the th
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I thank Dr. KM Varadan, CWRDM. Kozh
Page 7 and 8:
CONTENTS Chapter 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4
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4.9 Occupational Status of<
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5.3 5.4 5.6 5.7 Financial Investmen
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Figures 6.1 6.2 Chart 6.1 Appendix
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Abbreviations used ASMO BFA's CADA
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An attempt has been made in this ch
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among the people and the process <s
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the Indian state had followed a pol
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water harvesting 7 by arguing that
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(World Register of
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Eighth Plan has been estimated by t
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One of the most im
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integrated development of</
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inadequate attention given to OFD w
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performance of irr
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created. According to the Central W
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7 lagoons, 901 tanks and over 30 la
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competent and responsible agency wi
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physiographic conditions of
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(14 completed and 15 ongoing) proje
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interventions to improve the operat
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a summary of findi
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economic analysis of</stron
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een brought out by many scholars in
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While the economic benefits <strong
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sources, wasteful utilisation <stro
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such as rise in pnces, inadequate i
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the completion of
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of rainfed croppin
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areas being 8 per cent (GO!, 1998).
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investment In irrigation developmen
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Subsequently, an Expert Committee w
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highlighted the problems related to
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2.3.1 Studies on tbe impact <strong
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command area has reduced the labour
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Nanjundappa (1988), while examining
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y the CADA have led to low producti
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agents as against 90 per cent or mo
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among their members; c) insisting t
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Ansari (1989) shows that there have
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unit of land culti
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subgroup increased from 40 per cent
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1) The maIn activity being undertak
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which are unique in several ways, t
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across the states in different agro
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and social setting In which a proje
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The indepth study to examine the fa
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\,;nar~ .NO. ~.~: .t"rocesses ana s
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understand the problems related to
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of the crop produc
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greater differences between the the
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Chart ~o J.2 'Vater Institutions an
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specific promotional programmes und
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Chart No. 3.3 Explaining failure <s
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3.3.2 Crop specific promotional ins
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non-viable paddy. Even the farmers
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'- K01HIKOO --', , .-- :,' , \. ,.'
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strictly adhered to the directions
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4.1.2 Financial aspects The total e
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4.2 The Kallada Irrigation and Tree
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Map 4.4: Kallada Ayacut , IItIJrt ~
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in lands having slopes less than 3
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Table 4.1. Envisa~ed Croppin~ Patte
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in terms of underg
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meters. The end of
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and Kayamkulam branch in Phase II.
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lands. The average holding size is
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The characteristics of</str
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size group is the highest in the mi
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Table 4.10: Occupational status <st
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Appendix 4.1: Physical and technica
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Chapter 5 Dynamics of</stro
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plan. annual plans (1966-69) and th
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gt:ographical concentration <strong
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Concerted efforts were also made fo
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T a bl e 5 3 Ph . I d Ii . I - - vS
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expenditure and p~ysical achievemen
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the state cannot be treated as a pu
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in gross irrigated area. While cana
Page 165 and 166: development of lan
Page 167 and 168: The annual compound growth rates in
Page 169 and 170: 5.2.1 Dynamics of
Page 171 and 172: area and yield of
Page 173 and 174: A micro level study by Narayanan (1
Page 175 and 176: ubber cultivation. in Kallada. the
Page 177 and 178: The debate on conversion of
Page 179 and 180: (Table 5.10). The table indicates t
Page 181 and 182: eqUires substantial investment for
Page 183 and 184: Source: Govt. of K
Page 185 and 186: the period 1985-86 to 1997-98. For
Page 187 and 188: The overall scenario suggests that
Page 189 and 190: project, they tend to undertake yie
Page 191 and 192: the establishment expenditure (stri
Page 193 and 194: a CriSIS. As the works involved In
Page 195 and 196: (ii) In the Karapuzha project. the
Page 197 and 198: 5.15). The table indicates that the
Page 199 and 200: place. There were three revisions J
Page 201 and 202: Revenue vis Capital expenditure The
Page 203 and 204: Let us now examIne the intensity <s
Page 205 and 206: Cost escalation due to arbitration
Page 207 and 208: Another source of
Page 209 and 210: process would be very high. This al
Page 211 and 212: construction for more than 20 years
Page 213 and 214: are mainly concentrated in Thrissur
Page 215: ApMndlJ ~.1: ProjKI-wlw Ihne tn Tot
Page 219 and 220: Chapter 6 Economics of</str
Page 221 and 222: conditions of the
Page 223 and 224: Chart: 6.1 Organisational Chart sho
Page 225 and 226: and Palakkad together occupy 10 <st
Page 227 and 228: Table 6.2. Physical and financial t
Page 229 and 230: the total allocation has been for t
Page 231 and 232: per cent achievement in physical te
Page 233 and 234: Besides. it has been reported that
Page 235 and 236: I , MalamDuzha 387 7.39 1908.53 13.
Page 237 and 238: ~~- ~- --~ In all others. the BC ra
Page 239 and 240: possible in these lands during Khar
Page 241 and 242: Hence. it may be argued that since
Page 243 and 244: It is mainly due to scarcity <stron
Page 245 and 246: project. where it is very high at R
Page 247 and 248: proper coordination between variOUS
Page 249 and 250: deficiencies that help drawing less
Page 251 and 252: conjunctive use of
Page 253 and 254: 3) Again. due to the high density <
Page 255 and 256: Table 6.13: Details of</str
Page 257 and 258: doubts about the senousness <strong
Page 259 and 260: practice IS more conspIcuous In the
Page 261 and 262: 2.05 HP as compared to 1.68 HP in t
Page 263 and 264: large holders have spent two to thr
Page 265 and 266: Farming is considered mostly as a s
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The profitability
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noticed in the case of</str
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The Cobb-Douglas (CD) Function has
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· 13 Bank assistance programme and
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etween I to 2 ha. are to arrange fo
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Table 6.22: Status of</stro
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Though almost all the farmers repor
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3854 in the middle reaches. The pro
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The net income from vegetables and
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Appendix 6.1: Project-Wise Physical
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Chapter 7 On-Farm Development: Dete
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It can be seen from the survey data
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een made to examme as to how many f
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a farmer to use water from the dist
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The farmers were asked to reflect u
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evamping needed to reorient the MCS
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supplies. What is more interesting
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the knowledge of i
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All of the five ex
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It is evident from the table that t
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implications on the dynamics <stron
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competitive monocropl2 as no other
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of conversion thro
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involving farmers as active members
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The viability of p
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factors l8 . As a result. the agric
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The rise in price of</stron
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may be observed that the canal seep
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process of paddy l
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Table 7.19: Productivity and gross
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The technical constraints In the de
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2) Lack of irrigat
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manure or fertilisers are also do n
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according to the conventional basin
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Registration Act, 1860 in the erstw
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The pattern of act
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eported by CADA of
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Appendix 7.2: Paddy land conversion
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d,l!llS in the post-independence pc
Page 345 and 346:
all(lcatioll ill the absence <stron
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irrigation commands. Th;; stud) was
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comparative COSI .:conomlcs <strong
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time lag involved in completion uf
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the state has increased by about 46
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cultivation of com
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through the effective implementatiC
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een the highest in Kallada project
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It was noticed that among the vario
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The institutional paradigm evolved
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of India to be rel
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economically viable. This underscor
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The intensity and spread of
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of allocation and
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shows that filed realities have not
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as water management related factors
Page 377 and 378:
labour intensive farming operations
Page 379 and 380:
Given the dynamics, problems and co
Page 381 and 382:
ground realities associated with cr
Page 383 and 384:
Dhawan, B.D. (1989): Sludies in Irr
Page 385 and 386:
Kothari, Rajni, (1989): Politics an
Page 387 and 388:
Vaidyanathan, A (1999): Water Resou
Page 389 and 390:
Ghosh, Prabir De, Budhadeb (1998):
Page 391 and 392:
Nair, Sukumaran, M.K. (1999): 'Rura
Page 393 and 394:
Varadan, K,~ (1999): 'Estimation <s
Page 395 and 396:
GOK (1967b): Evaluation of<
Page 397 and 398:
Ferrer. A.M., .L.e. Lucero (1988):
Page 399 and 400:
Suresh, K.A. (2000): 'Group Managem
Page 401 and 402:
Tomlinson, B.R. (1992): 'The Indian
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