The Individual, Auto/biography and History in South Africa

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Nelson Mandela, No Easy Walk to Freedom (Edited, with a Foreword by Ruth First), London: African Writers Series, Heinemann Educational Books, 1973 (First published in 1965). Nelson Mandela, The Struggle is my Life: His Speeches and Writings, 1944‐1990, Bellville and Cape Town: Mayibuye Books in association with David Philip, 1994. Nelson Mandela, Nelson Mandela Speaks: Forging a Democratic, Non‐Racial South Africa, Cape Town and Bellville: David Philip and Mayibuye Books, 1994. Nelson Mandela, Long Walk to Freedom: The Autobiography of Nelson Mandela, Boston and London: Little, Brown, 1994. Nelson Mandela, Long Walk to Freedom (Abridged Edition; Abridged by Coco Cachalia and Marc Suttner), London and Braamfontein: Little, Brown and Nolwazi Educational Publishers, Macmillan, 1996. George E Marcus and Michael M J Fisher, Anthropology as Cultural Critique: An Experimental Moment in the Human Sciences, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1986. Laura Marcus, Auto/biographical Discourses: Theory, Criticism, Practice, Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1994. Shula Marks and Richard Rathbone (eds), Industrialisation and Social Change in South Africa: African Class Formation, Culture and Consciousness 1870‐1930, London: Longman, 1982. Shula Marks, The Ambiguities of Dependence in South Africa: Class, Nationalism, and the State in Twentieth‐Century Natal, Johannesburg: Ravan Press, 1986. Shula Marks, “Not Either an Experimental Doll” ‐ The Separate Worlds of three South African Women, London: Women’s Press, 1987. Shula Marks and Stanley Trapido (eds), The Politics of Race, Class and Nationalism in Twentieth Century South Africa, London: Longman, 1987. David Marquand, Ramsay MacDonald, London: Jonathan Cape, 1977. Arthur Marwick, The Nature of History, London: MacMillan, 1970. Frieda Bokwe Matthews, Remembrances, Bellville: Mayibuye Books, 1995. Z.K. Matthews, Freedom for My People, Cape Town: David Philip, 1981. Lionel J Maxim, Madiba: The Rainbow Man, Cape Town: Asjen, 1997 Fatima Meer, Higher than Hope: The Authorised Biography of Nelson Mandela, London: Penguin, 1990. Martin Meredith, Fischer’s Choice: A Life of Bram Fischer, Johannesburg and Cape Town: Jonathan Ball Publishers, 2002. Andreas Michaelis, DDR/GDR/RDA Souvenirs, Cologne: Benedikt Taschen Verlag, 1994. Elza Miles, Lifeline out of Africa: The Art of Ernest Mancoba, Cape Town & Johannesburg: Human and Rousseau, 1994. Russell Miller, Magnum: Fifty Years at the Frontline of History – the Story of the Legendary Photo Agency, London: Secker & Warburg, 1997. Mnguni (Hosea Jaffe), Three Hundred Years: A History of South Africa, Cape Town: New Era Fellowship, 1952. 534
David Morley and Ken Worpole (eds), The Republic of Letters: Working Class Writing and Local Publishing, London: Comedia Publishing Group, 1982. Thembeka Mufamadi (researcher), Raymond Mhlaba’s Personal Memoirs: Reminiscing from Rwanda and Uganda (Cape Town and Pretoria: Robben Island Museum and HSRC, 2001. Malcolm Muggeridge, Something Beautiful for God, London: William Collins & Sons, 1971. Doreen Musson, Johnny Gomas: Voice of the Working Class. A Political Biography, Cape Town: Buchu Books, 1989. Indres Naidoo and Albie Sachs, Island in Chains: Ten Years on Robben Island by Prisoner 885/63, Middlesex, England: Penguin, 1982. Indres Naidoo (Prisoner 885/63), Island in Chains: Ten Years on Robben Island (Johannesburg: Penguin Books, 2003 (first released in 2002). Bill Nasson, Abraham Esauʹs War: A Black South African War in the Cape, 1899‐1902, Cape Town: David Philip, 1991. Sifiso Mxolisi Ndlovu, The Soweto Uprising: Counter‐memories of June 1976, Randburg: Ravan Writers Series, 1998. Jawaharlal Nehru, The Unity of India: Collected Writings, 1937‐1940, New York: John Day, 1942. Nomvuyo Ngcelwane, Sala Kahle, District Six: An African Woman’s Perspective, Cape Town: Kwela Books, 1998. Rob Nixon, Homelands, Harlem and Hollywood: South African Culture and the World Beyond, London: Routledge, 1994. Pierre Nora and Lawrence D Kritzman, eds), Realms of Memory: The Construction of the French Past (3 Volumes), New York: Columbia University Press, 1996‐1998. Phyllis Ntantala, A Life’s Mosaic, Bellville: Mayibuye Books, 1992. Sam Nujoma, Where Others Wavered: The Autobiography of Sam Nujoma, London: PANAF, 2001. Andre Odendaal and Roger Field (eds), Liberation Chabalala: The World of Alex La Guma, Bellville: Mayibuye Books, 1993. James Olney, Metaphors of Self: The Meaning of Autobiography, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1972. Peter D Osborne, Travelling Light: Photography, Travel and Visual Culture (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2000). David R Owen, Ubukhosi Neenkokeli: A Directory of Eastern Cape Black Leaders from c. 1700 to 1990, Grahamstown: Albany Museum, 1994. John Pampallis, Foundations of the New South Africa, Cape Town: Maskew Miller Longman, 1991. Gerald J Pillay, Voices of Liberation, Volume 1: Albert Lutuli, Pretoria: HSRC Press, 1993. Don Pinnock, Voices of Liberation, Volume 2: Ruth First, Pretoria: HSRC Publishers, 1997. 535
Page 1 and 2:
The Individual, Auto/biography and
Page 3 and 4:
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This dissertation
Page 5 and 6:
committee members selected me to ta
Page 7 and 8:
TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements
Page 9 and 10:
Authorship, individuation and the b
Page 11 and 12:
ABBREVIATIONS AAC All‐African Con
Page 13 and 14:
INTRODUCTION The research for this
Page 15 and 16:
transformation in the Eastern Cape?
Page 17 and 18:
South African society provided the
Page 19 and 20:
manifest dishonesty. Through a case
Page 21 and 22:
genealogy of biographic mediation w
Page 23 and 24:
tribute to Tabata that Taylor const
Page 25 and 26:
CHAPTER ONE AUTO/BIOGRAPHY, NARRATI
Page 27 and 28:
self‐constitution and the “styl
Page 29 and 30:
intercourse entailed in this metaph
Page 31 and 32:
1930s, with decreasing institutiona
Page 33 and 34:
psychological characteristics” wh
Page 35 and 36:
entextualised in diverse ways”, c
Page 37 and 38:
While all mankind may be the subjec
Page 39 and 40:
life’ and career as the focus hav
Page 41 and 42:
development, a “narrative of inte
Page 43 and 44:
denies the centrality of the subjec
Page 45 and 46:
story, creating a ‘transferential
Page 47 and 48:
een backward‐looking. Their commu
Page 49 and 50:
[w]e need to attend to the historic
Page 51 and 52:
enacted, lived in particular conjun
Page 53 and 54:
‘representivity’ would constitu
Page 55 and 56:
through particular enunciative stra
Page 57 and 58:
ones. 114 Modernity gave rise to li
Page 59 and 60:
These, in turn, have a profound eff
Page 61 and 62:
are also to be found in the ‘stor
Page 63 and 64:
historian, personal and political,
Page 65 and 66:
sites of the ‘memorial complex’
Page 67 and 68:
These biographies of ‘great polit
Page 69 and 70:
der Post family. 17 Even Bertolt Br
Page 71 and 72:
While the limitations of Jones’ b
Page 73 and 74:
and work had emphasised the serious
Page 75 and 76:
accused Mother Teresa of promulgati
Page 77 and 78:
Mother Teresa, “hoping some of he
Page 79 and 80:
sainthood”, the amount of miracle
Page 81 and 82:
This biographic world of saint vene
Page 83 and 84:
dared to be that person”. She “
Page 85 and 86:
and popular circuits of exchange an
Page 87 and 88:
institutions that make up the exhib
Page 89 and 90:
participation in annual heroic comm
Page 91 and 92:
Biographic memorial productions hav
Page 93 and 94:
myths, while radio and television p
Page 95 and 96:
the monument was removed during the
Page 97 and 98:
about the past, as “political eli
Page 99 and 100:
suggesting that use was merely made
Page 101 and 102:
and “The Annual Salute to Greatne
Page 103 and 104:
the use of his image”. 106 Moreov
Page 105 and 106:
In this radical biographic interpre
Page 107 and 108:
In addition to this standard biogra
Page 109 and 110:
National Civil Rights Museum in Mem
Page 111 and 112:
Although Mao’s image had been use
Page 113 and 114:
more varied … [and] far more exci
Page 115 and 116:
esistance hero in general, of hope
Page 117 and 118:
issues about image‐making and aut
Page 119 and 120:
Lumumba who could stand in oppositi
Page 121 and 122:
CHAPTER THREE RESISTANCE STUDIES AN
Page 123 and 124:
in “a wide range of inventive pol
Page 125 and 126:
marginalised, grassroots people [an
Page 127 and 128:
Since the 1970s, the terrain of res
Page 129 and 130:
In an obvious sense, these studies
Page 131 and 132:
Under the conditions of deepening r
Page 133 and 134:
Crucially, this feature found expre
Page 135 and 136:
established through his professiona
Page 137 and 138:
scepticism, 35 the use of this noti
Page 139 and 140:
“glimpse into the inner mind of o
Page 141 and 142:
Higgs and Steven Gish also followed
Page 143 and 144:
understand the background, politica
Page 145 and 146:
national and land questions” conc
Page 147 and 148:
Higgs’ study was largely a chrono
Page 149 and 150:
South Africans to protest against t
Page 151 and 152:
In these traditional ‘masculinist
Page 153 and 154:
1980s in South African scholarship,
Page 155 and 156:
academic institutions involved in t
Page 157 and 158:
struggles over municipal controls d
Page 159 and 160:
that during the 1950s, a period see
Page 161 and 162:
away from biographic images of cons
Page 163 and 164:
orthography with “self‐appointe
Page 165 and 166:
middle section had vacillated. Anot
Page 167 and 168:
Biography has also been a vehicle f
Page 169 and 170:
After collecting oral testimony fro
Page 171 and 172:
and ‘jumping the fence’ led to
Page 173 and 174:
whose value depended on their accur
Page 175 and 176:
(probably Nkadimeng) in a resettlem
Page 177 and 178:
determine the voice and style in wh
Page 179 and 180:
memory into a written academic prod
Page 181 and 182:
Biography for social history was a
Page 183 and 184:
esistance history sought to provide
Page 185 and 186:
and La Hausse were completed by sch
Page 187 and 188:
consciousness, conversations, and/o
Page 189 and 190:
A foray into biography in the work
Page 191 and 192:
ceased to be the major site for the
Page 193 and 194:
study did not go far enough in the
Page 195 and 196:
continued political role”. It was
Page 197 and 198:
In exploring these issues of image,
Page 199 and 200:
While Clingman’s study has posed
Page 201 and 202:
state they contested”, as the col
Page 203 and 204:
focusing on the creation of systems
Page 205 and 206:
and survival against the onslaught
Page 207 and 208:
and reconciliation in South Africa.
Page 209 and 210:
accustomed to clear hierarchies bet
Page 211 and 212:
South African public history. This
Page 213 and 214:
unifier and a liberator of the mind
Page 215 and 216:
these ways, the Mayibuye Centre was
Page 217 and 218:
together, these booklets attempted
Page 219 and 220:
Biography also provided the basis o
Page 221 and 222:
As part of these transformations, M
Page 223 and 224:
leader, Bill Andrews. 58 Written fr
Page 225 and 226:
It is this biographic impetus which
Page 227 and 228:
the post‐apartheid present, and t
Page 229 and 230:
Ngcelwane, whose family had had bee
Page 231 and 232:
of softnesses and roughnesses” of
Page 233 and 234:
extended to other arenas of public
Page 235 and 236:
These images of the Business Day re
Page 237 and 238:
once stood in central Pretoria, was
Page 239 and 240:
declared a national monument on 12
Page 241 and 242:
University’s Mark Haywood felt th
Page 243 and 244:
Ministry of Water Affairs and Fores
Page 245 and 246:
to the present. This project would
Page 247 and 248:
was missed to develop a complex her
Page 249 and 250:
contemplation and celebration were
Page 251 and 252:
Morris Isaacson High School, Regina
Page 253 and 254:
The Museum was really inaugurated,
Page 255 and 256:
through biographic presentation. Bu
Page 257 and 258:
2003. Thabo Mbeki expressed the poi
Page 259 and 260:
In contrast, Ronnie Kasrils, Modise
Page 261 and 262:
narratives and moral trajectories o
Page 263 and 264:
visual terms as part of a president
Page 265 and 266:
especially one who had been a long
Page 267 and 268:
applications had to make a biograph
Page 269 and 270:
In April 2003, the Nelson Mandela F
Page 271 and 272:
ooklet was organised as a chronolog
Page 273 and 274:
single sitting”. 191 However, it
Page 275 and 276:
In 1999, Anthony Sampson, who had b
Page 277 and 278:
eating breakfast and even shaving a
Page 279 and 280:
(Mandela’s birth place), on the b
Page 281 and 282:
“triumph of the human spirit”,
Page 283 and 284:
sought to contest the tendency for
Page 285 and 286:
deepening in Robben Island’s cult
Page 287 and 288:
follow the advice of Anthony Sampso
Page 289 and 290:
was asked to speak about the accuse
Page 291 and 292:
new conditions of exile was the con
Page 293 and 294:
importance of relations of cultural
Page 295 and 296:
construction of Nelson Mandela has
Page 297 and 298:
iography in public and commercial s
Page 299 and 300:
artist, Jacob Khumalo, who had exhi
Page 301 and 302:
epresentatives on the Nelson Mandel
Page 303 and 304:
eliance, self‐respect and self‐
Page 305 and 306:
PART TWO BEYOND MODERNIST HISTORY:
Page 307 and 308:
marginality. Among the materials in
Page 309 and 310:
Gradually, in drips and drabs, the
Page 311 and 312:
While Fort Hare in the Eastern Cape
Page 313 and 314:
for the field of political biograph
Page 315 and 316:
microfilm collection contained a su
Page 317 and 318:
and Karis may have received from Ta
Page 319 and 320:
and reserve dwellers, arguing that
Page 321 and 322:
Indeed, in this genealogy, the most
Page 323 and 324:
and was conducted as part of a wide
Page 325 and 326:
In making these assessments, Hirson
Page 327 and 328:
policy that had envisaged redivided
Page 329 and 330:
formation of APDUSA in January 1961
Page 331 and 332:
“effectively … smashed within t
Page 333 and 334:
opportunities that presented themse
Page 335 and 336:
and verbal performances, which have
Page 337 and 338:
political leadership was exercised
Page 339 and 340:
CHAPTER SIX FROM COLLECTIVE LEADERS
Page 341 and 342:
special protest meetings in convene
Page 343 and 344:
upture was coming to a head, when h
Page 345 and 346:
principles”. 18 Another aspect of
Page 347 and 348:
included on the back cover of such
Page 349 and 350:
political training did not take pla
Page 351 and 352:
pertinent to the themes of this cha
Page 353 and 354:
cause, rather than the leader”. T
Page 355 and 356:
341
Page 357 and 358:
343
Page 359 and 360:
345
Page 361 and 362:
347
Page 363 and 364:
asic passport‐type pen picture sa
Page 365 and 366:
their prominent placement in public
Page 367 and 368:
353
Page 369 and 370:
of individualised leadership may ha
Page 371 and 372:
political positions which rejected
Page 373 and 374:
interesting that Taylor’s first w
Page 375 and 376:
handwriting, which had been prepare
Page 377 and 378:
ehabilitation. 96 This did not stop
Page 379 and 380:
ooted in the past”, he suggested,
Page 381 and 382:
During 1949 and 1950, amid mounting
Page 383 and 384:
“colour and strength” were impo
Page 385 and 386:
Elsewhere on the left, Tabata’s b
Page 387 and 388:
occurred in which Tabata was subjec
Page 389 and 390:
Tabata, as an individual, bore a po
Page 391 and 392:
making them “more careful about w
Page 393 and 394:
teachers qualified to speak on matt
Page 395 and 396:
Education for Barbarism marked Taba
Page 397 and 398:
fulfil the same function” as ‘T
Page 399 and 400:
state of anonymity to their true st
Page 401 and 402:
of persecution and state harassment
Page 403 and 404:
While Tabata’s presidency may hav
Page 405 and 406:
final choice between the subterfuge
Page 407 and 408:
circulated as the embodiment of its
Page 409 and 410:
CHAPTER SEVEN DORA TAYLOR AND THE N
Page 411 and 412:
Soon after Tabata arrived in Cape T
Page 413 and 414:
historical understandings, Taylor
Page 415 and 416:
was “tolerably easy”. In fact,
Page 417 and 418:
her text had been “written in its
Page 419 and 420:
the eastern Cape about which she wr
Page 421 and 422:
While she was writing The Rôle of
Page 423 and 424:
out of the strains and pressures of
Page 425 and 426:
who were involved in the movement c
Page 427 and 428:
moved into Gool’s newly rented ho
Page 429 and 430:
off by expressing his “envy” of
Page 431 and 432:
They had a full life and she a full
Page 433 and 434:
emotional and sexual desires as the
Page 435 and 436:
Fashioning Tabata’s biography Vir
Page 437 and 438:
continued to rework and re‐edit T
Page 439 and 440:
us”. Goolam Gool, he had argued,
Page 441 and 442:
political practice”. Tabata assur
Page 443 and 444:
Nine that the AAC and Unity Movemen
Page 445 and 446:
authored pamphlets aimed at “clar
Page 447 and 448:
production of I.B. Tabata made a mi
Page 449 and 450:
political work in the movement, in
Page 451 and 452:
political leadership. By that time,
Page 453 and 454:
unleashing different forms of biogr
Page 455 and 456:
their political exchanges. 9 Later,
Page 457 and 458:
where “fierce debates and discuss
Page 459 and 460:
education as well as mechanisms of
Page 461 and 462:
identification”. This identity cl
Page 463 and 464:
need for leadership”. Tabata invi
Page 465 and 466:
Likewise, concepts of strategic val
Page 467 and 468:
was also invited to join along with
Page 469 and 470:
fundamental and genuine manner and
Page 471 and 472:
them. Sihlali’s presidentship of
Page 473 and 474:
expressed had been “essentially h
Page 475 and 476:
By the 1950s, increased internal bl
Page 477 and 478:
way of their own greatness?” 76 A
Page 479 and 480:
“suspended” from the movement,
Page 481 and 482:
Thereafter, Alexander and his comra
Page 483 and 484:
“mounting to a climax”. Jane Go
Page 485 and 486:
From around 1960, leaders of the Un
Page 487 and 488:
The movement’s ‘architect’ al
Page 489 and 490:
with the other liberation movements
Page 491 and 492:
The ADC was a means of Tabata “ri
Page 493 and 494:
ureaucratic abuse and of trying to
Page 495 and 496:
econstituted APDUSA represented an
Page 497 and 498: NUM. They found instead a hostility
Page 499 and 500: significance of deceased ‘heroes
Page 501 and 502: A man … surrounded by a sea of pe
Page 503 and 504: and Alie and Ursula Fataar had assi
Page 505 and 506: 491
Page 507 and 508: in “his contribution” to the li
Page 509 and 510: Almost unexpectedly, at his funeral
Page 511 and 512: 497
Page 513 and 514: community of Lesseyton interred one
Page 515 and 516: The final entry of Tabata’s body
Page 517 and 518: heritage sites and collections. I w
Page 519 and 520: discovered heritage constructions o
Page 521 and 522: national heritage, even when those
Page 523 and 524: elevant information from my researc
Page 525 and 526: disrespectful. And the fact that th
Page 527 and 528: what I offer here is more than a st
Page 529 and 530: (e) Central Archives Depot, Pretori
Page 531 and 532: Ilizwi leSizwe, Vol. 1, No 2, 18 Oc
Page 533 and 534: (b) Other Videos Hell’s Angel: Mo
Page 535 and 536: (f) CD‐Roms Nelson Mandela: The s
Page 537 and 538: Hector Pieterson Memorial and Museu
Page 539 and 540: 7. INTERVIEWS AND RECORDINGS OF SPE
Page 541 and 542: William Beinart and Colin Bundy, Hi
Page 543 and 544: Stephen Clingman, The Novels of Nad
Page 545 and 546: Jurgen Habermas, The Structural Tra
Page 547: Dominic LaCapra, Writing History, W
Page 551 and 552: James D Sexton (ed), Son of Tecum U
Page 553 and 554: Susan G Wynne (Compiler), South Afr
Page 555 and 556: Elizabeth S Cohen, ‘Court Testimo
Page 557 and 558: Brian Elliot, ‘Biography, Family
Page 559 and 560: Baruch Hirson, ‘Ruth Schechter: F
Page 561 and 562: Desiree Lewis, ‘Winnie Mandela: T
Page 563 and 564: Bill Nasson, ‘A Sharecropper’s
Page 565 and 566: Hilary Sapire, ‘African Political
Page 567 and 568: Dora Taylor, ‘They Speak of Afric
Page 569 and 570: Kwame Anthony Appiah, ‘Cosmopolit
Page 571 and 572: Twentieth Century’, Paper present
show all

The Individual, Auto/biography and History in South Africa

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?