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Three criteria have to be met for a study of a method, programme or
measure to be included in the review. First, the activity under study
must be an intervention in the life of the child or its family. Secondly,
the study must present results on the effects and impacts of the
activity. Thirdly, the study must meet basic scientific demands.
The searches have been wide both regarding entries and types of
studies. Nonetheless, very few studies satisfy the three criteria. Very
few studies look at effects and impacts. Very few studies abide by
methodological requirements. Therefore, the review includes studies
that do no meet the demands in the strict sense, but that nevertheless
provide insights that are likely to be of use in the development of child
welfare for ethnic minorities.
The lack of studies that meet the requirements makes it difficult to
draw safe conclusions on what concrete methods and programmes,
which work more or less well as compared to the average when
applied with non-Western immigrants.
What interventions work?
The overview of interventions is organised according to type and
within each type of intervention the Nordic and international bodies of
literature are presented. The review operates with three categories of
interventions:
• Interventions when the child lives in the original home
• Placement out of the original home
• Measures to enhance the competence within multi-cultural child
welfare
Interventions when the child lives in the original home include visiting
homes, link workers, network activities, Family Group Conferences,
interventions focusing on parents and the school (like head Start,
Incredible Years and Familias Unidas), family preservation measures,
multi-systemic therapy, wrap around, Parent Management Training
Oregon Model, ICDP and primary prophylactic measures (like women
groups).
This category of interventions is a heterogeneous mix of large,
internationally approved programmes that have been thoroughly
evaluated and tested. Others are smaller and applied to a limited
extent. These latter are included because they may be of particular
interest for multi-cultural child welfare. What all these interventions
have in common, however, is the fact that they have not been studied
with the aim of finding out how they function with ethnic minorities.
NIBR-rapport: 2007:10
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