University of Vaasa - Vaasan yliopisto

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Nevertheless, land-use changes lead to suppression of previous activities (for
example, in fossil energy conversion). There are displacement effects. Suppression of
activities should be compensated by creation of activities at local level.
The net economic impact of land-use changes must be assessed for each bioenergy
route retained.
Figure 11 - Impacts of direct and indirect land-use changes on local prosperity
Direct and Indirect Land Use Changes – Competition with food
Direct and indirect land-use changes are partly due to competition between bioenergy
and food cultivation.
Direct and indirect land-use changes have impacts on availability of land for food
cultivation. As land availability for food cultivation decreases, land price increases.
Feed, livestock, and food productions are then more costly.
Impacts of food price increase on local prosperity are nevertheless indeterminate:
higher food price represents higher income for local farmers, but increasing price of
land can threaten their income. Moreover, poor urban population is the most at risk
in front of short and mid-term impacts of land-use changes on food price.
Figure 12 describes the relation between direct and indirect land-use changes and
competition with food.
production plant, from bioenergy production plant’s suppliers, or from suppliers of suppliers.