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51 Fully implemented selection process with clearly established criteria for endorsement, or otherwise, of codes Formal development of sustainability business case & complete integration into overall organization business strategy Rigorous process for development & implementation of policy, clearly linked to business case & external codes Evidence of endorsement process, but not clearly or completely aligned with sustainability system and strategy Limited process for endorsement or adoption of codes & standards Selection of external codes & standards for endorsement or adherence (if any) 3a2 Formal development of sustainability business case Informal development of sustainability business case Development, review, & management approval of sustainability business case 3a3 Policy exits, but is not formally approved or endorsed, or is not linked to business case Limited process for development & approval of sustainability policy in place Development, review, approval & communication of sustainability policy 3a4 3b Sustainability Policy 4 Comprehensive, regularly reviewed statement Statement exists but does not address all (relevant) aspects or is obsolete No formal policy statement 3b1 Sustainability policy statement As Above As Above As Above Ethical & compliance policy statement & associated implementation standard 3b2 Requirement assessed & acted upon Requirement assessed but not Requirement not assessed 3b3 Additional policies as required by 3a
52 acted on Improvement Process Using Data from System Components 1, 2, 5 &7 3c Comprehensive, time bound identification & ranking process is implemented Plan is comprehensive, time bound, and implemented Ranking process in place but lacks time frame, or is otherwise inadequate Plan exists but is inadequate, incomplete, or not implemented Requirements are inadequately identified and ranked Identification & ranking of significant sustainability requirements 3c1 No formal, documented plan exists Development of (time-bound) sustainability management plan 3c2 Formal & thorough review with executive management involvement Review is performed but is informal, infrequent, or otherwise inadequate Limited or no external review, or incomplete engagement of stakeholders Review of plan with (relevant) internal & external stakeholders 3c3 Comprehensive objectives established & endorsed by executive management Objectives exist but are incomplete, inadequate, not measureable or not specific No formal objectives are established Establish short / medium term objectives to facilitate implementation of plan 3c4 Formal & thorough communication process with executive management involvement Informal communication process Limited, or no communication of plan & objectives Internal & (where applicable) external communication of plan & objectives 3c5
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AMOS MUMBA TARJA KETOLA (Eds) Respo
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Publisher Date of publication Vaasa
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CONTENTS Abstract in Finnish.......
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PART FIVE: CR MEASURES & STANDARDS
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PART ELEVEN: RESPONSIBLE LEADERSHIP
Page 13 and 14: PART ONE. COPORATE SUSTAINABILITY M
Page 15 and 16: Mr. Martin Clarke joined British Pr
Page 17 and 18: performances, e.g. cement productio
Page 19 and 20: “…identifying, managing and min
Page 21 and 22: The above list places emphasis acro
Page 23 and 24: Discussion: What Could Product Stew
Page 25 and 26: performance being awarded. Currentl
Page 27 and 28: CPA. 2007. Delivering sustainabilit
Page 29 and 30: Lewis. H. 2004. Defining product st
Page 31 and 32: ICRISAT - FROM A SUSTAINABLE POINT
Page 33 and 34: sorghum, pearl millet, chickpea, pi
Page 35 and 36: This action plan seems to produce g
Page 37 and 38: effects on nutrition and trace elem
Page 39 and 40: In figure two we can see the expend
Page 41 and 42: goods, but rather on insubstantial
Page 43 and 44: pressed to compete with an industri
Page 45 and 46: References CGIAR (2008). The Origin
Page 47 and 48: What is a Global Business Organizat
Page 49 and 50: The majority of the above seven cri
Page 51 and 52: 38 3 Limited statement NAM 75 NAM /
Page 53 and 54: 40 Statement 4 Limited Statement NA
Page 55 and 56: equirements, but at the same time b
Page 57 and 58: transition from EMS to SMS can be a
Page 59 and 60: adequate as an SMS in a GBO. Furthe
Page 61 and 62: 48 Table 2: Detailed Description of
Page 63: 50 substitution is recognized, but
Page 67 and 68: 54 Boundary & interface between SMS
Page 69 and 70: 56 System Component #6 - Value Chai
Page 71 and 72: 58 requirements implemented actions
Page 73 and 74: Global Reporting Initiative (2006).
Page 75 and 76: van Tulder, R., van den Berghe, D.,
Page 77 and 78: esponsibilities to stakeholders and
Page 79 and 80: develop improvement and learning sy
Page 81 and 82: easonably well now and making them
Page 83 and 84: Responsible competitiveness The que
Page 85 and 86: examples? What are the main commitm
Page 87 and 88: Responsibility to users of products
Page 89 and 90: of independent research institutes
Page 91 and 92: development that capture and estima
Page 93 and 94: Hooghe L, Marks G. (2003). Unraveli
Page 95 and 96: Waddock, S. and Bodwell C. (2007).
Page 97 and 98: THE INTEGRATION OF CSR INTO BUSINES
Page 99 and 100: Theoretical Background Strategic CS
Page 101 and 102: against specific requirements. The
Page 103 and 104: industries (energy, utilities, oil
Page 105 and 106: Different Approaches to CSR The two
Page 107 and 108: • Electromagnetism and impact on
Page 109 and 110: Conclusions In the first stage of t
Page 111 and 112: Appendix A Level of integration of
Page 113 and 114: 99 High Independent BU/Committee de
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101 McAdam, R. & Leonard, D. (2003)
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ECONOMIC DOWNTURN AND THE LANGUAGE
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105 Additionally, for Foucault, and
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Approach 107 The discussion in this
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need for firms to tighten their bel
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esult of economic-market system; th
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Resource Allocation and the Home of
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115 Such divergent views raise ques
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References Accountancy Age (2009) C
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IMAGE DIFFERENCIATION WITH CORPORAT
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121 argues that industries with a c
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123 Since not all stakeholders valu
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Empirical Findings The first propos
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127 The right amount of CR is when
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Environmentally Responsible Image D
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corporate responsibility can be a m
Page 147 and 148:
References Ansoff, H. I. & McDonnel
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Miller, D. (1992). The Generic Stra
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SEED INDUSTRY RESPONSIBILITY TO AGR
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139 intellectual property protectio
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141 Thus, they stress their donatio
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Social Issues 143 Regarding the soc
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145 food system which in their opin
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DuPont (2002). Science, Solutions a
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IgNN (2008c). Brüssel will bessere
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A VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS OF THE ORGAN
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153 friendly ranges setting a trend
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The Main Factors Affecting The Grow
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157 Governments, particularly in Eu
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Table 4: Value addition at each sta
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organic cotton farms typically achi
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163 Cumulative value loss/ addition
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165
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167 own standards to certify variou
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Price difference in organic and con
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References 171 Alfoeldi, T., Fließ
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173 Fliessbach, A. and Mäder, P. (
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175 Sinden, J. A., Griffith, G. (20
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INSTITUTIONALISING IDEALISM: PATTER
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179 Social considerations include i
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Coercive Adoption 181 The second st
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of non-adopters; the moral content
Page 199 and 200:
References Ackerman, R. (1973). How
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Economist. (2008). The next questio
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Porter, M., & Kramer, M. (2002). Th
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CULTURAL CONTEXT OF CSR: COMPARATIV
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193 power is distributed unequally.
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195 Figure 1: Values Associated wit
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197 answering the questions. Most D
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Culture in Nation-Institutions 199
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201 In line with the collectivistic
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Stakeholders 203 From the field-lev
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Codes & Policies Volunteering Phila
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207 The wealth capacity-building in
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Hannigan, J. A. (2006). Social cons
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211 Thelen, K. & Steinmo, S. (1992)
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213 Historically, Danish companies
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215 survey was carried out by email
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217 role, especially in the 1990s,
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when CSR policies in Denmark were m
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221 The business areas of the Danfo
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223 While looking at the CSR Waves,
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225 marital affairs and on financia
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whether Danfoss is considered good
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229 the making of Danfoss’ Ethics
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have, from participating in interna
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Global Reporting Initiative. G3 Gui
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Negative List for Substances and Ma
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237 and three. In both approaches k
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239 protection/environmental enhanc
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241 sufficiently informed only by b
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Table 3: Traditional versus sophist
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• Dialogue needs to go beyond dis
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and needs of CSR-for-SD as outlined
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• evaluations are externally faci
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251 • Values and cultural factors
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References 253 ACCA The Association
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Freeman, R.E. 1984. Strategic Manag
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257 Pretty, J., Shah, P. 1994. Soil
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PART THREE: CORPORATE RESPONSIBILIT
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261 business houses should follow t
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263 One other problem faced in Indi
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CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY INI
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267 In spite of the increasing impo
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269 value, while either protecting
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identify the main trends of the CSR
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OIL AND GAS COMPANIES Table 1. CSR
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ENI EXXON PETROBRAS Evaluation of l
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TOTAL Promotion of several initiati
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e. Lack of Human Resources 279 The
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References Bevacqua, S. & Cascinai,
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PART FOUR: CORPORATE RESPONSIBILITY
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285 During the past decades, litera
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287 research involved three Tuscan
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289 • in terms of preferences on
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291 followed by lack of resources a
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293 health and safety of the worker
Page 309 and 310:
References Adler, P. and S.-W. Kwon
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297 Russo A. and Tencati A. 2009, F
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299 by companies in order to contri
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301 economic growth it does not con
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Anttonen (2008) has divided chemica
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305 different types of consultative
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Picture 2. The BASF business model
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309 compounds are used in all indus
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311 Halme, M., Anttonen, M., Kuisma
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DOES OPEN INNOVATION STREGHTHEN COR
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Sustainable Change and CR 315 Due t
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317 OIM are all methods that open t
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319 expressive than an instrumental
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Results 321 It is new to accept and
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on process User mainly need- and kn
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325 interaction enables companies t
Page 341 and 342:
References Alvesson, M. (2005). Und
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329 Hübscher, M. & Müller, M. (20
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Walcher, D. (2007). Der Ideenwettbe
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333 The current context in which or
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335 existence and are able to survi
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337 particular the political and le
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339 local variants emerged in Scand
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341 However, these output oriented
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Regarding the activity S2 ‘Stakeh
Page 359 and 360:
References Achterbergh, J., Vriens,
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Nieuwkamp, B.E.M. (2008). De arbeid
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FINANCIAL VALUE MEASUREMENT OF CORP
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351 responsibility issues (roadmap)
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353 financial valuation measures. T
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Table 1. Features in the various ph
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sustainability data gathering and i
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Table 3. Sustainability-related GRI
Page 375 and 376:
Three Illustrations of Deriving and
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363 where it uses renewable resourc
Page 379 and 380:
References Adams, C. A. (2004). The
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367 Niskala, M., & Schadewitz, H. (
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Huhtamäki (Materials) Kemira (Mate
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OKO (Finance) organization with who
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373 [1] Global Reporting Initiative
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Introduction 375 The concepts relat
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Model Foundations First foundation
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As we can see in the Figure 2, on t
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381 model in subject. Through these
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383 For Schwartz and Bilsky (SCHWAR
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385 • Reaction: The organization
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Figure 7: Tripod of the sustainabil
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389 The second fundament of the mod
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Figure 10: Organizational Social Pe
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Figure 13: Wilber’s Model Source:
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Figure 15: Model of sustainable exc
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Figure 17: Proposal of model evalua
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399 Figure 19: Relationships took i
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Jung, C. F. (2003). Metodologia Cie
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Werre, Marco. & Marcel. Van Marrewi
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THE CASE OF SOCIAL ENTERPRISES: ARE
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407 The present paper aims to revie
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Belgium Law of 13 April 1995 United
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Social Enteprise: Some Definitions
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The Social Entrepreneurship Accordi
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Figure 1 The blurring sectoral boun
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f) An initiative launched by a grou
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References Alter, S.K. (2004) Socia
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A DISCOURSE ANALYSIS OF THE FAIRTRA
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423 constituting the social (Faircl
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425 Once economic behaviour is no l
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427 link to Fairtrade, in which Fai
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France: Producers and Competition 4
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UK: Producers and Competition 431 W
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that for Fairtrade to work it has t
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436 01/01/2007 01/01/2007 01/01/200
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438 01/01/2003 01/01/2003 01/01/200
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440 Jaworski, A. & Coupland, N. (19
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PART SEVEN: PUBLIC - PRIVATE PARTNE
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444 It also examines the applicabil
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446 critical resources controlled b
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448 In October 2008, NVPC launched
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S$1 policy but perhaps other more i
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References Azlan A, Lim LL, Yahya S
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PART EIGHT: CORPORATE RESPONSIBILIT
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organizations, with different aims
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458 Decentralization and local gove
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460 When multiple actors involved i
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462 Governance, economy, social cap
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464 In this sense, analysing a terr
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Partnerships Social Capital 466 - S
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468 The level of civic participatio
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Conclusion - Quality of the environ
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Garvin, T. et al. (2009). Community
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THE EFFECTS OF “DEPENDENCY” ON
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how, this dependence inhibits effec
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478 the MNC effectively. This secti
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480 regulation via CSR policy, whic
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482 potential consumer base in each
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References 484 An Roinn Gnóthaí P
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Lambe. A., Directors' Compliance St
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INVESTIGATING THE PRINCIPLES OF COR
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490 economic and institutional deve
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492 and corporate governance. The w
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494 corporate stakeholders, of weal
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496 failures by corporate boards to
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498 fashion", therefore I intend to
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ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PRACTICES
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An Overview of Environmental Manage
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Feichtinger and Pregernig, 2005; Gr
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Survey Questionnaire 506 The raw da
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Table 4. Variables used to compute
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inhabitants and workers) and the ex
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512 particular purchase, the incent
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514 which limits the adoption of be
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Conclusions 516 The overall profile
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Cuthill, M. (2002). Exploratory res
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520 Lundberg, K., Balforsa, B. and
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RELATIONAL GOVERNANCE AND THE DEVEL
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524 national-level plans to constru
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Relational Governance 526 One of th
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Case Studies: Vankorneft and the Ev
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The shape of Russian public CSR pol
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Report on CSR in the forestry indus
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534 At the Turukhansk district leve
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536 Russian federal legislature vio
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538 The maintenance of the long-ter
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References 540 Albareda, L., Lozano
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542 Moon, J. (2004). Government as
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PART NINE: RENEWABLE ENERGY 544
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546 generating the various form of
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• The lack of basic infrastructur
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550 − A Tool for assessing the ec
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ARTICULATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND S
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- Cramer Commission56, - Renewable
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556 conditions + + + + + + + + Prop
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Figure 1 - Impacts of direct and in
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Figure 3 - Impacts of direct and in
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Figure 6 - Impacts of agricultural
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Agricultural practices have also im
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566 Nevertheless, land-use changes
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- Discussion possibilities, - Free
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References ACCS (2007a). AFS Standa
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Renewable Fuels Agency (2008), The
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Abstract SUPPLY CHAIN ISSUES OF BIO
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576 adjusted to the specific condit
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energy and logistics/SCM. Follow-up
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Madlener & Bachhiesl 2007 Perry & R
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Elghali et al. 2007 Madlener & Bach
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584 on the other hand state that a
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586 expeller, olive cake and wood p
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588 torrefaction and pelletisation
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Berglund, M. (2006). Biogas product
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SUSTAINABILITY CYCLE ASSESMENT OF B
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Figure 1. Cradle-to-grave grave app
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Table 1. Environmental, social cult
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Table 2. Environmental, social cult
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600 In summary, while biodiesel is
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602 nature after use: when the soli
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604 the creation, refinement, use a
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Test Results 606 Biogases are envir
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ID=78&articleID=1163 608 WCED (1987
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610 business of sustainability and
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Table 2. The Equator Principles and
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614 Strategic orientation of firms
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616 Natural gas fuels over 99 perce
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618 building a Hydrogen Energy plan
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620 principles that are related to
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Impact on Climate Change Conclusion
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Falck, O. & Heblich, S. Corporate s
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ROBIN HOOD THEOREM: A WAY FOR ENERG
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628 communities have to contend and
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630 to power basic devices like TV
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References Abavana, G. C, (2004). G
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INTRA-INDUSTRY IMITATION IN ENVIRON
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636 The legislation has also contri
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In general, the larger the organisa
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Content Analysis 640 In order to be
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642 One of the key questions in ass
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Table 4. Stakeholder considered by
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646 Table 5. GRI indicators accordi
Page 661 and 662:
Refferences Adams, C.A. (2004). The
Page 663 and 664:
Gray, R. (2006). Does Sustainabilit
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SUPPLY CHAIN CORPORATE RESPONSIBILI
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654 The sample was selected from th
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Table 2 Survey Categories used to E
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y reading the relevant sections. Th
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660 Perhaps not surprisingly compan
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662 Only 3 companies reported the e
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iodiversity (IPES, 2008). The IPES
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usiness level playing field and, wh
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668 EICC. (2006). Electronic Indust
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PART ELEVEN: RESPONSIBLE LEADERSHIP
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Value Basis 672 Finding one’s tru
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674 The lure of quick profits, stat
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676 politics he talked and wrote ab
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The Responsible Leadership Identiti
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villages of Bangladesh. He set up a
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States: Building Blocks of Some Res
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Conclusions Matching Individual, Or
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686 The different characteristics o
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Issue: Corporate Responsibility & D
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690 society at large”. Other defi
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Table 1. Reasons for implementing e
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694 environment and develop a bette
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696 Does this imply that corporate
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and certifying environmental manage
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Perspective from law, economics, an
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702 However neither Japan nor Germa
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704 community pressure, and environ
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706 international competitiveness (
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708 and Alberini 2002). The functio
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Public Politics and Private Politic
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these three actors have been strong
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714 Imura, H. (2005). Japan's Envir
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716 technical aspects of environmen
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718 However, a more in-depth discus
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720 empirically tested in a number
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722 the level of awareness and envi
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724 solutions might even exaggerate
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References Albrecht, D., Bultena, G
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728 Klein, K. J. & Kozlowski, S. W.
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PART TWELVE: SMEs & CORPORATE RESPO
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732 SMEs, Training and Sustainabili
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734 The values of an SME are predom
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SMEs, but these have rarely lived u
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738 believe that this course of act
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(Revell and Rutherfoord, 2003). The
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Diagram 2: Conceptual Framework - F
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Reference 744 Ammenberg, J. and Hje
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746 Hall, G, 1989). Lack of Finance
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748 Sheridan, P., (2001). Directors
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750 theories focus on the transfera
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752 traditional models of managemen
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end of the fifth year of life marks
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Figure 1 The model The Research The
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The Area Selected and the Ccow Buff
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760 The Plan must guarantee the att
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Managerial Implications, Limits of
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Freeman R.E. (1984). Strategic Mana
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CSR-TOOLS FOR SMEs - COMPARATIVE AN
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Features of CSR in SMEs 768 CSR was
Page 783 and 784:
770 mostly provide overviews and in
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772 The CSR Quality Seal is essenti
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774 into its strategic as well as o
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Outcome and Conclusions 776 BLISS w
Page 791 and 792:
References Bhuiyan, N. & Bagehel, A
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780 Honen, P. & Potts, J. (2007). C
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782 SUPPLY - CHAIN ENVIRONMENTAL MA
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784 offers a useful discussion and
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786 22’ noted by Fanshawe (2000)
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788 action) and the sense made of t
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790 The latter provided clear benef
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792 Figure 3 - Describing the Behav
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794 Interestingly though, and despi
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Summary and Comment 796 In the earl
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de Wit, B. and Meyer, R. (1999). St
Page 813 and 814:
Remenyi, D., Williams, B., Money, A
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FACTORS AFFECTING THE ENGAGING IN C
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804 this issue can be examined with
Page 819 and 820:
Table 1 List of factors affecting f
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voluntariness” proposed by Moore
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Table 2: The state of CSR practices
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Table 3 Factor analysis: variables
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814 However, there are also challen
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Grayson, D. (2004). How CSR Contrib
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Spence, L. J. , & Rutherfoord, R. (
Page 833 and 834:
820 This paper draws on both primar
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Case Studies 822 The case studies e
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Rationale and Start up 824 In this
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826 own standards, and those of her
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828 Finally all three of these case
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References Journal Articles 830 Goo
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CORPORATE RESPONSIBILITY: A CRICIAL
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834 The most visible parts of the c
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Accordingly, referring to Basu and
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measures on the other hand show hug
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policies are accompanied by company
Page 855 and 856:
Conclusion 842 The described percep
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Eckert, S. et al. (2007). Nachhalti
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Nielsen, A.E. & Thomsen, C. (2009)
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PART THIRTEEN: CONSUMERS AND ETHICS
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850 (www.fairtrade.net). Different
Page 865 and 866:
852 Organizations International) an
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854 The first step of the research
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Table 1- Knowledge measurement stat
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• Quality aspect: quality of the
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References Blowfield, Mick. (2003).
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GAMBLING, SMOKING AND DRINKING: WHA
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864 assistance was given by license
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261) suggested that they had some i
Page 881 and 882:
868 or banned altogether. Only one
Page 883 and 884:
Lantos, G.P. (1999). ‘Motivating
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