ICOM International Council of Museums - International Institute for ...

MUSEOS: DE LA RELACIÓN PÚBLICO, OBJETO Y CONTENIDOEN UN MARCO HISTÓRICOYoli Martini - Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto - ArgentinaAbstractNowadays, in a post modern and post industrial society, disposed to establish,proclaim and even revise paradigms, with tecnified humanity and with values which aredistorted and fickle, the museum is recognized as a problematic and difficult to defineinstitution. That is why, new ideas have arisen as regards the concept and use of themuseum, conceiving them from a historic and anthropologic view and proposing newperspectives of approach to the relationships between institution-object and publicobject.The interest of the public for the museums is a reality that has been transformed in asociologic fact. Visitors should have –or should be given- a minimum knowledge to feelfree to choose. The legibility and comprehensibility of the museum’s message shouldbe based, not on the accumulation of objects, but on the idea of an intelligible andpleasant discourse that, in the framework of the historic process that motivates andcontains it, could be accessible to the possible receivers, inducing them to the emotionand the interpretation through easily grasped channels, directed to develop andimprove the mental and affective possibilities. That is why, who the exposition is forshould base the decision of what and how the exposition will be, developingtranscendence in the definition of the concepts of re-appropriation and re-interpretationof the patrimony, on behalf of the ones who receive the message.Nevertheless, the museum is an institution of hegemonic nature that “governs” thehistoric patrimony that makes the past visible. As a consequence, the history,fundamental base of the museum’s adventure, should be understood as a daily ventureto figure out, critically, the actions of men and their socio-cultural products to get to acorrect interpretation, that is to say, investigation with reflexive but non-judging view, as“revising the past is a way to explain the present”.The past, then, is not a fact, it is a task. A task of letting out the memory as the humanconscience of the society, built, not based on paying tribute, but on the commemorationthat signifies a critic and reflexive approach to save, preserve and communicate resultsthat will allow the daily building of the identity, considering how valuable they are for theunderstanding, internalization and learning of the visitor, the processes which havemade them become symbolic representations of their way of looking at the world in atime and concrete spaces, pointing at the historic truth. In this framework, the primeobjective of the museum is showing the social processes, through the interpretedobject patrimony and the analyzed historic processes.ResumenLa sociedad actual, posmoderna, post industrial, proclive a instaurar, proclamar y aúnrevisar paradigmas, con una humanidad tecnificada y con valores cada vez mástergiversados y livianos, reconoce al museo como una institución problemática y difícilde definir De ahí que hayan surgido nuevos planteos acerca del concepto y uso delmuseo, concibiéndolos desde un enfoque histórico antropológico y proponiendo338