ICOM International Council of Museums - International Institute for ...

ETHICS AND THE TRANSMISSION OF MEMORYAnita Shah - IndiaMuseologists are at present concerned with exploring, developing and redefiningconcepts that can give solutions to the problems confronting museums in their quest fora balance between the past and the present. These problems are particularly acute inthe museum’s presentation of historical material conveying a specific reading of history.Two concepts will be important here, the museum as an environment for education andthe interpretation of reality. The museum provides a stimulating environment which isan excellent informal channel of communication and learning. The museum is a placewhere you learn from the past, assimilate the content and go back to think about thepresent and probably re-plan the future; a place where people feel they can debate,discuss and create meanings for themselves.The museum is a specific phenomenon of man’s approach to reality. Museology fulfillsits role as a specific science by evaluating what impact the museum as a whole canhave on the social consciousness of its audience. For the museum to have an impacton its audience it has to ‘handle’ the tangible and intangible heritage it wants to portrayin a sensitive fashion. Interpretation of historical material is not always straight forward.The value of the object is not intrinsic to it, but is highly dependent on the objectsubjectrelation that is brought out by the museologist. The presentation of objects hasto be synchronized with the process of musealization of objects; otherwise the museumvalue attributed to the object would loose their true value dimension. The work ofpresentation is closely related to visual language of grammar, syntax and its intuitiveappeal. The creation of the museum medium must be based on the scientificexplanation of historical, cultural, religious, social and aesthetic values and thedecoding of symbolized philosophical concepts attributed by the given culture to theobject. Success lies in how creatively the museologist presents this insight to the publicso as to capture his attention, imagination and eventually pierce his understanding.To achieve this very fundamental goal museums and museum professionals all overthe world would benefit greatly by following a standardized code of ethics. Our basicaim would be to promote the norms of cultural diversity as a natural phenomenon, andas an integral aspect of the fundamental rights of human beings. An important objectiveof the museum, as a social institution, is to work towards global peace andunderstanding.The cultural diversity of India is proverbial and it stretches the boundaries of one’simagination. The Indian Constitution has accepted the ethnic and cultural plurality ofIndia as a fact of reality and therefore guarantees equality of rights irrespective ofcaste, creed, sect, religion, gender etc. Thus coming from a country with culturaldiversity of immense dimensions I put before you a set of ethics which I think arerelevant to present times. However, the following points have to be discussed anddeliberated upon.Museums are windows of society and strive to present the experiences of people theworld over. To achieve its goals effectively, to reach out to the public, to touch therelevant chords, to trigger attitude change and better understanding of various cultures,museologists have to take up intensive research into the cultural material that they aregoing to exhibit focusing on its social and cultural significance. Inter disciplinaryapproach and the close involvement of the people to whom the culture belongs canbroaden the scope and dimension of the exhibition. Failing to consult with thecommunity, whose traditions and history is being exhibited may cause complications454