1 TÜRKİYE PROFESYONEL LİGLERİNDE GÖREV ... - Spor Bilim

a. The Upper Arm
For the sketch shown in Figure 3, using the basic equation (1), we have
Va1 b
= 2p
f rsing
-V
sinq
. (3)
In Equation (3), the term r sing
is the perpendicular distance of the arm segment dr from the
z axis. For the infinitesimal element dr , the propulsive force is
dF
2
= k D V dr , (4)
a1 a 1 a1
where 1 D is the diameter of the arm segment a 1 . For the upper arm the propulsive force is
given by
F
La1
2
= k D V dr . (5)
a1 ò
0
a 1 a1
Substituting the velocity term from Equation (3) in Equation (5) and integrating we obtain
é 4 2 2 3 2
2
2 2 ù
F a = k 1 ê
p sin g - 2p
sin q sin g + sin q
1 a D f La
fL
1
a V 1 b
L a V 1 b
ë 3
ú
(6)
û
b. The Forearm
as
The velocity of an infinitesimal arm segment on the lower arm (Figure 4), can be written
Va 2
a1
b
= 2p
f(rsin
b + L sing
) -V
sinq
(7)
where r is the distance from the elbow to the infinitesimal element dr on the lower arm. The
propulsive force acting on dr is
y
r
dr
g
D 1
z x
shoulder
elbow
front view left side view
Figure 3. The upper arm
q
a 1
y