1 TÜRKİYE PROFESYONEL LİGLERİNDE GÖREV ... - Spor Bilim

practical and effective ways in determination of hydration status as easy and non-invasive
methods for teakwondo athletes.
Subjects
Materials and Methods
Elite international level sixteen female and sixteen male (total: 32) teakwondo athletes
took part in this study to whom preparing Balkan Championship 2003, during 11 days of
camp season. Their physical characteristics (Mean ± SD) in the beginning of the camp and
before breakfast were; age, 16.9 ± 2 years; height, 163.0 ± 9.6 cm; body mass, 58.8 ± 9.7 for
girls and 18.5 ± 2.6 years; height, 177.6 ± 9.3 cm; body mass, 66.3 ± 13.6 for boys. All
subjects gave written informed consent before the study. Local ethic committee approval and
written approval from the teakwondo federation was taken for this study. A short
questionnaire and review was applied to all subjects before sample collection. Subjects had no
known renal or urinary track disease.
Test Procedures
Beside the body mass measurements, urine osmolality, conductivity, colour and
specific gravity measurements was made on the first urine specimen of the day which was
collected after wakening but before breakfast. This was done on 3 occasions, at the beginning
of the camp, half way through the camp (5 days after from first) and one day before the
competition (5 days later from second). All collected urine samples first urine of the day to
be excreted in to a container and kept in cold an aliquot (approximately 20 ml) for later
analyses.
As an indication of athlete’s hydration status, the urine osmolality was determined via
freezing point depression (Osmomat 030, Gonotec, Berlin, Germany 1996). The urine SEC
was measured by using a hand portative conductivity meter (Hanna HI-9835 Multi-range UK
2003). The urine specific gravity of samples was determined by measuring system of
refractometer using the otoanalyser of URISYS 2400 (Roche Diagnostics, Gmbh, Mannheim,
Germany). The urine color was always determined by the same investigator by comparing the
urine sample with a visual color gradation scale (1 – 8) in a well-lighted room (Amstrong
1994).
Statistical analyses
The data from the three occasions were normally distributed and presented as means
and SD (mean ± SD) in the text. One-Way ANOVA test and Tukey post hock was used to
compare the data of 3 testing. Pearson Two-Tailed correlations were also done for all tested